2.7 A wideband 28GHz power amplifier supporting 8×100MHz carrier aggregation for 5G in 40nm CMOS

Shakib, Sherif; Elkholy, Mohamed; Dunworth, Jeremy; Aparin, V.; Entesari, Kamran

doi:10.1109/isscc.2017.7870252

Cited by 68 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…A four-element receiver array is adopted for the user equipment (UE), considering the system size and power dissipation. At the transmitter side, an output power of 5 dBm including the power backoff is usually available for supporting 64-QAM (OFDM-mode) communication in CMOS technology [3], [18], [19]. Thus, regarding a target 64-QAM SNR of 26 dB, a 256-element array will be required in the base station (BS) for maintaining a 32-dB TX-to-RX SNR over 500-m communication distance.…”

Section: Architecture Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 28-GHz CMOS Phased-Array Beamformer Utilizing Neutralized Bi-Directional Technique Supporting Dual-Polarized MIMO for 5G NR

Pang

Zheng

Kubozoe

et al. 2020

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

106

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This article presents a low-cost and area-efficient 28-GHz CMOS phased-array beamformer chip for 5G millimeter-wave dual-polarized multiple-in-multiple-out (MIMO) (DP-MIMO) systems. A neutralized bi-directional technique is introduced in this work to reduce the chip area significantly. With the proposed technique, completely the same circuit chain is shared between the transmitter and receiver. To further minimize the area, an active bi-directional vector-summing phase shifter is also introduced. Area-efficient and high-resolution active phase shifting could be realized in both TX and RX modes. In measurement, the achieved saturated output power for the TX-mode beamformer is 15.1 dBm. The RX-mode noise figure is 4.2 dB at 28 GHz. To evaluate the over-the-air performance, 16 H+16 V sub-array modules are implemented in this work. Each of the sub-array modules consists of four 4 H+4 V chips. Two subarray modules in this work are capable of scanning the beam from −50 • to +50 •. A saturated EIRP of 45.6 dBm is realized by 32 TX-mode beamformers. Within 1-m distance, a maximum SC-mode data rate of 15 Gb/s and the 5G new radio downlink packets transmission in 256-QAM could be supported by the module. A 2 × 2 DP-MIMO communication is also demonstrated with two 5G new radio 64-QAM uplink streams. Thanks to

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Section: Architecture Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 28-GHz CMOS Phased-Array Beamformer Utilizing Neutralized Bi-Directional Technique Supporting Dual-Polarized MIMO for 5G NR

Pang

Zheng

Kubozoe

et al. 2020

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

106

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“…where C m denotes the Miller capacitance. Equations (1)- (3) reveal that the value of C in is potentially dependent on the value of the drain impedance Z L,i through the feedback effect of C gd . The degree of this dependency depends on the magnitude of C gd − C N .…”

Section: Analysis Of Am-pm Distortion In Cmos Pamentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter Wave SOI-CMOS Power Amplifier With Enhanced AM-PM Characteristic

et al. 2020

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This paper proposes a novel inter-stage load-pull characterization method to enhance the linearity of millimeter wave integrated power amplifiers (PAs) by minimizing their amplitude-to-phase (AM-PM) distortion without worsening their AM-AM or efficiency performances. The proposed method identifies the optimal solution for the inter-stage matching network which enables the synthesis of a driver stage AM-PM characteristic that is complementary to that of the power stage; consequently, reducing the overall AM-PM distortion of the PA. The proposed technique is applied to design a proof-of-concept 28-31 GHz PA demonstrator using 45 nm silicon-on-insulator CMOS technology. The measurement results obtained under continuous wave excitation at 29 GHz demonstrate an excellent AM-PM characteristic, with phase distortions as low as 0.2 • at the 1-dB compression power level of 13.9 dBm and less than 1 • at an output power level of up to 16 dBm (very close to the saturation power of 16.6 dBm). This enhanced AM-PM linearity improves the linearizability of the PA. This was confirmed by testing the PA with a 64 quadrature amplitude modulated test signal with an instantaneous bandwidth of 800 MHz. Without applying any digital pre-distortion (DPD) technique, the PA delivers a power added efficiency (PAE) of 8.7% at an average output power (P avg) of 9.4 dBm while maintaining an error vector magnitude (EVM) of −25 dB. However, after applying a very simple memoryless DPD function with only four coefficients, the PA can operate at a higher P avg of 11.1 dBm with a much better PAE of 12.2% while still maintaining an acceptable EVM of −25.2 dB. Thanks to the proposed technique, the PAE of the proposed PA can be improved by 40% with a very simple application of a low cost and low complexity DPD technique.

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“…The 5G NR standard allows a maximum equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of 75 dBm/100 MHz to the BS and 43 dBm to user equipment (UE) [18]. Usually, within a reasonable power consumption, a single-element transmitter output power of around 12 dBm (antenna gain included) can be realized for modulation schemes such as 64-QAM or 256-QAM in CMOS process [19], [20]. Thus, an array size of over 256 will…”

Section: A Communication Distancementioning

confidence: 99%

A 28-GHz CMOS Phased-Array Transceiver Based on LO Phase-Shifting Architecture With Gain Invariant Phase Tuning for 5G New Radio

Pang

Wang

et al. 2019

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

156

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This paper presents a 28-GHz CMOS four-element phased-array transceiver chip for the fifth-generation mobile network (5G) new radio (NR). The proposed transceiver is based on the local-oscillator (LO) phase-shifting architecture, and it achieves quasi-continuous phase tuning with less than 0.2-dB radio frequency (RF) gain variation and 0.3 • phase error. Accurate beam control with suppressed sidelobe level during beam steering could be supported by this work. At 28 GHz, a single-element transmitter-mode output P 1 dB of 15.7 dBm and a receiver-mode noise figure (NF) of 4.1 dB are achieved. The eight-element transceiver modules developed in this work are capable of scanning the beam from −50 • to +50 • with less than −9-dB sidelobe level. A saturated equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of 39.8 dBm is achieved at 0 • scan. In a 5-m overthe-air measurement, the proposed module demonstrates the first 512 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation in the 28-GHz band. A data stream of 6.4 Gb/s in 256-QAM could be supported within a beam angle of ±50 • . The achieved maximum data rate is 15 Gb/s in 64-QAM. The proposed transceiver chip consumes 1.2 W/chip in transmitter mode and 0.59 W/chip in receiver mode.

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2.7 A wideband 28GHz power amplifier supporting 8×100MHz carrier aggregation for 5G in 40nm CMOS

Cited by 68 publications

References 4 publications

A 28-GHz CMOS Phased-Array Beamformer Utilizing Neutralized Bi-Directional Technique Supporting Dual-Polarized MIMO for 5G NR

A 28-GHz CMOS Phased-Array Beamformer Utilizing Neutralized Bi-Directional Technique Supporting Dual-Polarized MIMO for 5G NR

Millimeter Wave SOI-CMOS Power Amplifier With Enhanced AM-PM Characteristic

A 28-GHz CMOS Phased-Array Transceiver Based on LO Phase-Shifting Architecture With Gain Invariant Phase Tuning for 5G New Radio

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