2,4-dinitrotoluene detected using portable Raman spectrometer and femtosecond laser fabricated Au–Ag nanoparticles and nanostructures

Byram, Chandu; Soma, Venugopal Rao

doi:10.1016/j.nanoso.2017.09.019

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The EFs obtained in the present case could possibly be further improved by increasing the number of hot spots through simple procedures such as (a) drop casting more number of NPs of same type or of different metals (b) drop casting these NPs in nanostructured metals or even Si/SiO 2 and subsequently perform the SERS measurements. Our earlier report [30] has already demonstrated one of this possibility. This is conceivable since the NPs will be localized on these NSs and by increasing the concentration of the present NPs one could possible achieve higher number of hotspots.…”

Section: Enhancement Factorsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Furthermore, we have also reported the detection of 2, 4-Dinitrotoluene using Ag-Au nanostructures achieved using femtosecond laser ablation [13]. Recently, composite nanoparticles have attracted much attention by physicists, chemists and material scientists due to their higher catalytic, electronic, optical, physicochemical properties and multiple functionalities [2,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. To fabricate bimetallic/alloy NPs, there are several ways or (a) short pulse laser irradiation of colloidal mixture of NPs (b) ablation of a target in the presence of a precursor solution or (c) short pulse laser irradiation of alloy target in liquid media etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…DNT is the main decomposition product of TNT and can be used as detection marker for landmines. Figure 6B shows the SERS spectra of DNT with Raman modes noticed at 855 cm −1 , 1,203 cm −1 corresponds to NO 2 out of plane and H-C-C plane bending [30,42]. We extended our SERS studies of these NPs to detect MB, which is an aromatic dye used in the textile production that causes severe central nervous system toxicity.…”

Section: Sers Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The EF critically depends on the analyte molecule adsorption, orientation of molecules on the NP surface, NP surface morphology (nanostars usually demonstrate superior performance compared to spherical nanoparticles), the availability of number of hotspots and the excitation wavelength. Our earlier work reported the detection of 25 µM DNT (explosive molecule) and 5 nM MB [30] in the case of AgAu NPs and nanostrcutures (NSs) prepared through the ablation of Ag-Au targets in acetone. Similarly, we could achieve the detection of explosive molecules of PA at 5 µM concentration levels and ammonium nitrate at 50 µM concetration levels using gold NPs and NSs [30].…”

Section: Enhancement Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our earlier work reported the detection of 25 µM DNT (explosive molecule) and 5 nM MB [30] in the case of AgAu NPs and nanostrcutures (NSs) prepared through the ablation of Ag-Au targets in acetone. Similarly, we could achieve the detection of explosive molecules of PA at 5 µM concentration levels and ammonium nitrate at 50 µM concetration levels using gold NPs and NSs [30]. In the present work, though, we achieved the detection of 1 µM DNT and 5 µM PA.…”

Section: Enhancement Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Femtosecond Laser Fabricated Ag@Au and Cu@Au Alloy Nanoparticles for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Based Trace Explosives Detection

2018

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Herein we present results from our detailed studies on the fabrication of Ag@Au and Cu@Au alloy nanoparticles (NPs) using the femtosecond laser ablation in liquid technique. The NPs were obtained by ablating the pure Ag, Cu targets (bulk) in HAuCl 4 (5 mM) solution. The absorption properties of the obtained NPs colloids were characterized using UV-Visible absorption spectrometer and their size, shape, and crystallinity were investigated using the XRD, FESEM and TEM techniques. The fabricated NPs were utilized for sensing of explosive molecules such as 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (PA), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) and a common dye methylene blue (MB) using the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technique. The detection limit in terms of weight was as low as few nano-grams in the case of nitroaromatic explosive compounds (PA, DNT) and few picograms in the case of a common dye molecule (MB). Typical enhancement factors achieved were estimated to be ∼10 4 , ∼10 5 , and ∼10 7 , respectively, for PA, DNT, and MB. The significance of the present work lies in exploring the performance of the prepared NPs being used as SERS substrates for explosives detection using a portable Raman instrument. Such capability enables one to carry the spectrometer to the point of interest in the field and evaluate any hazardous samples within a short period of time.

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Section: Enhancement Factorsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Sers Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Enhancement Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Enhancement Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Femtosecond Laser Fabricated Ag@Au and Cu@Au Alloy Nanoparticles for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Based Trace Explosives Detection

2018

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Photonics for Explosives Detection

Soma

Shaik

Moram

2019

Digital Encyclopedia of Applied Physics

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In this article, we present an overview of the various photonic aspects involved in different techniques for explosives detection on field and in the lab. We confine this synopsis to only laser‐based techniques for detecting explosive molecules in point or proximal setup (laser source and detectors are in the proximity of sample) and in standoff mode (laser and detectors are at certain distance from the sample). The techniques considered in this overview are (a) laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), (b) Raman spectroscopy and its variants [surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), coherent anti‐Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS), and spatial offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS)], (c) terahertz (THz) spectroscopy, and (d) photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS). Various photonic aspects related to these techniques such as (i) laser sources used and the future requirements, (ii) detectors employed at present and improvements required, (c) design and advances in variety of optics used for illuminating, collimating, collecting, focusing, etc., and (d) integration of all these components for the creation of efficient portable devices for explosives detection in the laboratory and field are discussed in detail. We also present results obtained through some of our efforts toward trace and standoff explosives detection using SERS and femtosecond LIBS techniques, respectively.

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Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering studies of gold‐coated ripple‐like nanostructures on iron substrate achieved by femtosecond laser irradiation in water

Byram

Moram

Soma

2019

J Raman Spectroscopy

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During the past several years, numerous efforts have been accomplished on designing efficient surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates with high sensitivity, good reproducibility, and recyclable nature. However, it still remains a significant challenge to realize all these qualities in a single substrate. We have fabricated ripple‐like nanostructures (NSs) on Iron (Fe) substrate using femtosecond (fs) laser irradiation of Fe target in distilled water. These ripple‐like structures had periodicities in the range of ~90–190 nm, which was confirmed from the analysis of field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) data. We subsequently deposited a thin layer of gold on these ripple‐like Fe NSs using thermal evaporation. Later, these coated NSs were effectively utilized as SERS substrates for methylene blue (MB) detection and were found to be sensitive evident from the data obtained at a very low concentration of 500pM. Furthermore, we observed that the SERS signal variations on the substrate were <11.2% indicating the reproducible nature of these substrates. Additionally, we demonstrate that these substrates can be reused (we establish this for three times consecutively) by detecting malachite green (MG) and an explosive molecule (picric acid, PA) followed by the mixture compound (Rhodamine 6G+MB) through employment of simple cleaning procedures. The detected molecular concentrations in terms of masses were found to be 3.2 pg, 36.5 pg, and 23 ng for MB (for a concentration of 500pM), MG (for a concentration of 5nM), and PA (for a concentration of 5μM), respectively. Furthermore, these Fe NSs exhibited superior batch‐to‐batch reproducibility with a relative standard deviation (RSD) value of ~l4%. The proposed method of fabricating ripple structures as SERS platforms are highly feasible, reliable, and have great potential for on‐site detection of several analyte molecules with an easily transportable Raman spectrometer.

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2,4-dinitrotoluene detected using portable Raman spectrometer and femtosecond laser fabricated Au–Ag nanoparticles and nanostructures

Cited by 37 publications

References 56 publications

Femtosecond Laser Fabricated Ag@Au and Cu@Au Alloy Nanoparticles for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Based Trace Explosives Detection

Femtosecond Laser Fabricated Ag@Au and Cu@Au Alloy Nanoparticles for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Based Trace Explosives Detection

Photonics for Explosives Detection

Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering studies of gold‐coated ripple‐like nanostructures on iron substrate achieved by femtosecond laser irradiation in water

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