2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol Alters Plant Root Development

Cardenas, Jessica N Brazelton de; Pfeufer, Emily E.; Sweat, Teresa A.; Gardener, Brian B. McSpadden; Coenen, Catharina

doi:10.1094/mpmi-21-10-1349

Cited by 149 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…is primarily known as an antibiotic involved in the suppressiveness of some soils to plant pathogens (66). However, recent studies have also demonstrated that DAPG produced by P. fluorescens can induce resistance in plants against P. syringae (66), oomycetes (31), and plant-parasitic nematodes (59), presumably by interfering with auxin signaling (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and Functional Analysis of the Type III Secretion System fromPseudomonas fluorescensQ8r1-96

et al. 2011

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Pseudomonas fluorescens Q8r1-96 represents a group of rhizosphere strains responsible for the suppressiveness of agricultural soils to take-all disease of wheat. It produces the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol and aggressively colonizes the roots of cereal crops. In this study, we analyzed the genome of Q8r1-96 and identified a type III protein secretion system (T3SS) gene cluster that has overall organization similar to that of the T3SS gene cluster of the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. We also screened a collection of 30 closely related P. fluorescens strains and detected the T3SS genes in all but one of them. The Q8r1-96 genome contained ropAA and ropM type III effector genes, which are orthologs of the P. syringae effector genes hopAA1-1 and hopM1, as well as a novel type III effector gene designated ropB. These type III effector genes encoded proteins that were secreted in culture and injected into plant cells by both P. syringae and Q8r1-96 T3SSs. The Q8r1-96 T3SS was expressed in the rhizosphere, but mutants lacking a functional T3SS were not altered in their rhizosphere competence. The Q8r1-96 type III effectors RopAA, RopB, and RopM were capable of suppressing the hypersensitive response and production of reactive oxygen species, two plant immune responses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and Functional Analysis of the Type III Secretion System fromPseudomonas fluorescensQ8r1-96

et al. 2011

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“…(Table 1). Mutants were constructed using an overlap extension PCR method (48) followed by a mating and selection process described previously (16,49,50). Briefly, the DNAs flanking a target gene were amplified and combined using overlap extension PCR to generate a DNA fragment with a deletion in the target gene.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Interspecies Signaling System Mediated by Fusaric Acid Has Parallel Effects on Antifungal Metabolite Production by Pseudomonas protegens Strain Pf-5 and Antibiosis of Fusarium spp

Quecine

Kidarsa

Goebel

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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dPseudomonas protegens strain Pf-5 is a rhizosphere bacterium that suppresses soilborne plant diseases and produces at least seven different secondary metabolites with antifungal properties. We derived mutants of Pf-5 with single and multiple mutations in biosynthesis genes for seven antifungal metabolites: 2,4-diacetylphoroglucinol (DAPG), pyrrolnitrin, pyoluteorin, hydrogen cyanide, rhizoxin, orfamide A, and toxoflavin. These mutants were tested for inhibition of the pathogens Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi. Rhizoxin, pyrrolnitrin, and DAPG were found to be primarily responsible for fungal antagonism by Pf-5. Previously, other workers showed that the mycotoxin fusaric acid, which is produced by many Fusarium species, including F. verticillioides, inhibited the production of DAPG by Pseudomonas spp. In this study, amendment of culture media with fusaric acid decreased DAPG production, increased pyoluteorin production, and had no consistent influence on pyrrolnitrin or orfamide A production by Pf-5. Fusaric acid also altered the transcription of biosynthetic genes, indicating that the mycotoxin influenced antibiotic production by Pf-5 at the transcriptional level. Addition of fusaric acid to the culture medium reduced antibiosis of F. verticillioides by Pf-5 and derivative strains that produce DAPG but had no effect on antibiosis by Pf-5 derivatives that suppressed F. verticillioides due to pyrrolnitrin or rhizoxin production. Our results demonstrated the importance of three compounds, rhizoxin, pyrrolnitrin, and DAPG, in suppression of Fusarium spp. by Pf-5 and confirmed that an interspecies signaling system mediated by fusaric acid had parallel effects on antifungal metabolite production and antibiosis by the bacterial biological control organism. Pseudomonas is a heterogeneous genus of Gammaproteobacteria composed of species with diverse ecological roles; certain strains are members of the plant microbiome contributing to plant growth and health. Our studies focus on the soil bacterium Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5, which is known for its capacity to suppress plant diseases and produce a large spectrum of metabolites with antibiotic activity (1, 2). The antibiotics produced by Pf-5 include pyrrolnitrin (3), pyoluteorin (4), analogs of rhizoxin (5, 6), hydrogen cyanide (7), 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) (8), monoacetylphloroglucinol (MAPG) (9) (an intermediate in the DAPG biosynthetic pathway [10,11]), the lipopeptide orfamide A (12), and toxoflavin (13). The antibiotics produced by Pf-5 have distinct but overlapping activity spectra, and it is likely that multiple compounds contribute to the interactions of Pf-5 with target plant pathogens that result in disease suppression. Commonly, the role of an antibiotic in biological control is assessed by comparing the level of disease suppression provided by a wild-type strain versus an antibiotic-deficient mutant (14). For strain Pf-5, however, this approach has not been highly successful in providing evidence for the roles of antibioti...

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“…DAPG, for instance, has broad-spectrum activity against a variety of fungi, bacteria, and nematodes (8). It can trigger an induced systemic resistance response in plants (9)(10)(11), stimulate root exudation (12), enhance root branching (13), and even stimulate plant-beneficial activities in other non-Pseudomonas PGPR (14). While HCN is rarely the sole antagonistic compound responsible for biocontrol in Pseudomonas strains and its effectiveness is not as important or as broad spectrum as DAPG, Pseudomonas strains producing DAPG generally also produce HCN (15).…”

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confidence: 99%

Interaction between 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol- and Hydrogen Cyanide-Producing Pseudomonas brassicacearum LBUM300 and Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in the Tomato Rhizosphere

Paulin

Novinscak

Lanteigne

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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We have previously demonstrated that inoculation of tomato plants with 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG)-and hydrogen cyanide (HCN)-producing Pseudomonas brassicacearum LBUM300 could significantly reduce bacterial canker symptoms caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. In this study, in order to better characterize the population dynamics of LBUM300 in the rhizosphere of tomato plants, we characterized the role played by DAPG and HCN production by LBUM300 on rhizosphere colonization of healthy and C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis-infected tomato plants. The impact of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis presence on the expression of DAPG and HCN biosynthetic genes in the rhizosphere was also examined. In planta assays were performed using combinations of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and wild-type LBUM300 or DAPG (LBUM300ΔphlD) or HCN (LBUM300ΔhcnC) isogenic mutant strains. Populations of LBUM300 and phlD and hcnC gene expression levels were quantified in rhizosphere soil at several time points up to 264 h postinoculation using culture-independent quantitative PCR (qPCR) and reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) TaqMan assays, respectively. The presence of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis significantly increased rhizospheric populations of LBUM300. In C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis-infected tomato rhizospheres, the populations of wild-type LBUM300 and strain LBUM300ΔhcnC, both producing DAPG, were significantly higher than the population of strain LBUM300ΔphlD. A significant upregulation of phlD expression was observed in the presence of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, while hcnC expression was only slightly increased in the mutant strain LBUM300ΔphlD when C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis was present. Additionally, biofilm production was found to be significantly reduced in strain LBUM300ΔphlD compared to the wild-type and LBUM300ΔhcnC strains. IMPORTANCEThe results of this study suggest that C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis infection of tomato plants contributes to increasing rhizospheric populations of LBUM300, a biocontrol agent, as well as the overexpression of the DAPG biosynthetic operon in this bacterium. The increasing rhizospheric populations of LBUM300 represent one of the key factors in controlling C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in tomato plants, as DAPG-producing bacteria have shown the ability to decrease bacterial canker symptoms in tomato plants. KEYWORDS Clavibacter michiganensis, DAPG, HCN, Pseudomonas, gene expression, rhizosphere, tomato

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2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol Alters Plant Root Development

Cited by 149 publications

References 55 publications

Structural and Functional Analysis of the Type III Secretion System fromPseudomonas fluorescensQ8r1-96

Structural and Functional Analysis of the Type III Secretion System fromPseudomonas fluorescensQ8r1-96

An Interspecies Signaling System Mediated by Fusaric Acid Has Parallel Effects on Antifungal Metabolite Production by Pseudomonas protegens Strain Pf-5 and Antibiosis of Fusarium spp

Interaction between 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol- and Hydrogen Cyanide-Producing Pseudomonas brassicacearum LBUM300 and Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in the Tomato Rhizosphere

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