1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy in first episode and chronic schizophrenia patients

Meta-analytic evidence of elevated choline, reduced N-acetylaspartate, and normal creatine in schizophrenia and their moderation by measurement quality, echo time, and medication status

“…After applying the eligibility criteria, 113 publications reporting on 366 non-overlapping regional metabolite datasets were included in the final sample ( Aoyama et al, 2011 , Auer et al, 2001 , Bartha et al, 1997 , Bartha et al, 1999 , Bartolomeo et al, 2019 , Başoğlu et al, 2006 , Batalla et al, 2015 , Bertolino et al, 2000 , Brandt et al, 2016 , Buckley et al, 1994 , Bustillo et al, 2001 , Bustillo et al, 2002 , Bustillo et al, 2008 , Bustillo et al, 2010 Bustillo et al, 2014 , Cecil et al, 1999 , Chang et al, 2007 , Chiappelli et al, 2015 , Chiu et al, 2018 , Choe et al, 1994 , Coughlin et al, 2015 , de la Fuente-Sandoval et al, 2018 , Delamillieure et al, 2000a , Delamillieure et al, 2002 , Demjaha et al, 2014 , Egerton et al, 2018 , Fannon et al, 2003 , Fujimoto et al, 1994 , Fukuzako, 2000 , Fukuzako et al, 1995 , Galińska et al, 2009 , Gallinat et al, 2016 , Goldstein et al, 2015 , Granata et al, 2013 , Hagino et al, 2002 , Hasan et al, 2014 , He et al, 2012 , Heimberg et al, 1998 , Huang et al, 2017 , Hutcheson et al, 2012 , Iwata et al, 2019 , Jessen et al, 2006 , Jessen et al, 2013 , Kegeles et al, 2012 , Kirtaş et al, 2016 , Klär et al, 2010 , Korenic et al, 2020 , Kraguljac et al, 2019 , Kumar et al, 2020 , Larabi et al, 2017 , Legind et al, 2019 , Liemburg et al, 2016 , Maier et al, 2000 , Malchow et al, 2013 , Marsma...…”

N-Acetylaspartate and Choline Metabolites in Cortical and Subcortical Regions in Clinical High Risk Relative to Healthy Control Subjects: An Exploratory 7T MRSI Study

“…Cho plays a crucial role in generating membrane phospholipids that are essential in the human brain [6]; an elevated Cho signal is thought to point to an increase in membrane synthesis and turnover [7]. In SCZ, significantly higher levels of Cho have been observed in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of chronic SCZ and first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients compared to healthy control (HC) subjects [8,9]. SCZ patients have also been found to have elevated Cho levels in the left caudate nucleus [10] and insular cortex [11] relative to controls.…”