“…In the field of biomedical research, ultrasonic cavitation has demonstrated its significance in various applications of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy. These include tumor treatment [1] , [2] , [3] , lithotripsy [4] , histotripsy [5] , [6] , thrombolysis [7] , [8] , [9] , blood–brain barrier disruption [10] , [11] and drug delivery [12] , [13] . The dynamics of cavitation in response to ultrasound excitation can be classified into two types, namely stable cavitation (SC) and inertial cavitation (IC) [14] .…”