180° hybrid using a novel planar balun on suspended substrate for beam forming network applications

Moghaddam, Elham Sharifi; Ahmadi, Arash

doi:10.1002/mmce.22280

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The accuracy of the capacitance values depends on the accuracy of the unknown coefficients A m . We should also mention that since we used an equivalent circuit model (static capacitive per unit length matrix) of the electro-quasi-static representation described in [4] and [15], the proposed quasi-TEM model is valid when the transverse dimensions are much smaller than wavelength [24]. This can be set in practice by assuming a wavelength at least ten times smaller than the largest distance between two points in the structure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Broadside-coupled microstrip line (BCML) structures are frequently used in microwave and millimeterwave (mm-wave) passive/active circuits such as couplers [1, 2], baluns [3,4], antennas [5], filters [6], phase shifters [7], and impedance transformers [8]. In fact, compared to conventional edge-coupled microstrip lines, such circuits present some enhanced design parameters like tight coupling (3 dB), low VSWR, and low insertion loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quasi-Tem Analysis of Symmetrical Shielded Broadside-Coupled Microstrip Lines

Bououden¹,

Riabi²,

Saadi³

et al. 2021

PIER M

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In this work, a numerical quasi-static approach is proposed to efficiently analyze symmetrical shielded broadside-coupled microstrip line (SBCML) structures. Based on the modified least squares boundary residual method combined with a variational technique, this approach allows accurate computation of the electrical/geometrical parameters of different SBCML configurations. The errors for the quasi-TEM electrical parameters range are less than 4%. The proposed technique was demonstrated through successful comparison with data from published works and results obtained from commercial EM simulators like CST-EMS and COMSOL. INTRODUCTIONBroadside-coupled microstrip line (BCML) structures are frequently used in microwave and millimeterwave (mm-wave) passive/active circuits such as couplers [1, 2], baluns [3,4], antennas [5], filters [6], phase shifters [7], and impedance transformers [8]. In fact, compared to conventional edge-coupled microstrip lines, such circuits present some enhanced design parameters like tight coupling (3 dB), low VSWR, and low insertion loss. They can also produce equal even-and odd-mode phase velocities. Accurate computation of their quasi-TEM static parameters is essential for successful design of microwave systems, optical integrated circuits, and sensors. During the last years, various works have been devoted to the analysis of shielded/partial shielded and open planar transmission line configurations and to the computation of their quasi-static parameters. Existing quasi-TEM approaches include conformal mapping [9, 10], point matching method [11], neuro-fuzzy [12], method of lines [13], variational method [14,15], finite element method [16,17], orthogonal expansion method [18], quasi-static spectral domain method [19], Fourier series expansion [20], and closed-form expression [21]. From that list, the conformal mapping method is one of the most widely used. However, it is valid only over a limited range of physical dimensions and restricted configurations. On the other hand, discretization methods, like the finite element and finite difference time-domain methods, suffer from discretization errors and long CPU time, especially for very thin material layers.Recently, the quasi-TEM approach has shown several advantages like good convergence rate and accuracy, minimum memory storage and CPU time, while avoiding the need for an expansion function to solve the unknown charge density. Furthermore, it reduces the Gibbs phenomenon effect. Based on the Least Squares Boundary Residual method (LSBR), which has already been successfully and accurately applied to the characterization of multilayer isotropic and anisotropic planar transmission lines with arbitrary geometry for both the quasi-TEM and full-wave modes, the proposed method, called Modified Least Squares Boundary Residual (MLSBR), uses weighting functions (rectangular

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quasi-Tem Analysis of Symmetrical Shielded Broadside-Coupled Microstrip Lines

Bououden¹,

Riabi²,

Saadi³

et al. 2021

PIER M

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show abstract

“…In this paper, a 180 ∘ hybrid consisting of two broadside magnetically coupled strips, which also acts as a 2:1 impedance transforming power divider [12], is the appropriate choice for the SABFN. The 180 ∘ hybrid, which is actually a printed circuit balun, has smaller dimensions compared to a conventional Marchand balun [13].…”

Section: The 180 ∘ Hybridmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 180 ∘ hybrid, which is actually a printed circuit balun, has smaller dimensions compared to a conventional Marchand balun [13]. The relative bandwidth of this type of hybrids is typically 44%, which is relatively wide due to the intrinsic wideband property of magnetically coupled lines [12].…”

Section: The 180 ∘ Hybridmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact beamforming network for producing multiple orthogonal beams in a limited field of view phased array antenna

Moghaddam

Ahmadi

2023

Int. J. Microw. Wireless Technol.

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Due to the advent of high-throughput communication satellites in a geostationary orbit, the development of multiple beam phased array antenna (MBPAA) technology has become a necessity. This paper presents the design and implementation of the constituent unit of a beamforming network (BFN), which feeds an MBPAA with interleaved sub-arrays. The proposed BFN generates multiple orthogonal sub-beams with a very tiny angular distance between adjacent sub-beams in a limited field of view. The BFN consists of sub-array beamforming networks (SABFNs) with unequal number of beam ports and antenna ports, which can feed both the arrays lateral elements and the interleaved core sub-arrays for pattern shaping and side-lobe level reduction. A microwave circuit for this SABFN has been designed and fabricated in C-band. The microstrip lines have been printed on the two sides of a suspended substrate. This technique leads to size reduction of the circuit by twice a value compared to a conventional microstrip circuit. Measurements have been compared to simulations, and good conformity has been observed. The insertion loss in the path of beam ports to the antenna ports is 3.5 dB for a relative bandwidth of 10%.

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180° hybrid using a novel planar balun on suspended substrate for beam forming network applications

Cited by 2 publications

References 21 publications

Quasi-Tem Analysis of Symmetrical Shielded Broadside-Coupled Microstrip Lines

Quasi-Tem Analysis of Symmetrical Shielded Broadside-Coupled Microstrip Lines

Compact beamforming network for producing multiple orthogonal beams in a limited field of view phased array antenna

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