18.2 A fully-implantable cochlear implant SoC with piezoelectric middle-ear sensor and energy-efficient stimulation in 0.18&amp;#x03BC;m HVCMOS

Yip, Marcus; Jin, Rui; Nakajima, Hideko Heidi; Stanković, Konstantina M.; Chandrakasan, Anantha P.

doi:10.1109/isscc.2014.6757448

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Other techniques have been focused on using more traditional mechanical microphones such as the electret microphone 9 . Yip et al described a proof-of-concept for a fully implantable approach using a piezoelectric middle-ear sensor in a human cadaver ear whereby the sensor output obtained from the middle ear chain is used as the sound source 10 . However, due to stability issues of placement on the middle ear ossicles, carrying this out in-vivo is a challenging prospect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing Electrocochleography as a Microphone for Fully Implantable Cochlear Implants

Riggs

Hiss

Skidmore

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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current cochlear implants (cis) are semi-implantable devices with an externally worn sound processor that hosts the microphone and sound processor. A fully implantable device, however, would ultimately be desirable as it would be of great benefit to recipients. While some prototypes have been designed and used in a few select cases, one main stumbling block is the sound input. Specifically, subdermal implantable microphone technology has been poised with physiologic issues such as sound distortion and signal attenuation under the skin. Here we propose an alternative method that utilizes a physiologic response composed of an electrical field generated by the sensory cells of the inner ear to serve as a sound source microphone for fully implantable hearing technology such as cis. Electrophysiological results obtained from 14 participants (adult and pediatric) document the feasibility of capturing speech properties within the electrocochleography (ecochG) response. Degradation of formant properties of the stimuli /da/ and /ba/ are evaluated across various degrees of hearing loss. preliminary results suggest proof-of-concept of using the ecochG response as a microphone is feasible to capture vital properties of speech. However, further signal processing refinement is needed in addition to utilization of an intracochlear recording location to likely improve signal fidelity.To date, it is estimated that as many as 466 million individuals worldwide have hearing loss as defined as an average hearing level of ≥35 dB HL by pure-tone audiometry 1 . Treatment options for hearing loss typically depend on the severity of the hearing loss. Cochlear implants (CI) have long been a treatment option for individuals with severe-to-profound hearing loss; however, with advancements in technology, candidacy criteria have expanded to include individuals with greater amounts of residual hearing. With this trend, the focus has shifted toward developing techniques and technology to allow for the preservation of residual hearing, as this has been shown to be important in obtaining optimal outcomes through the use of electric-acoustic stimulation. That is, in patients who receive CIs but maintain some useable residual hearing, the implanted ear can be stimulated using the ipsilateral combination of electric (CI) and acoustic (hearing aid) 2,3 .In attempts to achieve preservation of residual hearing, implementation of electrocochleography (ECochG) at the time of CI surgery has recently been described. ECochG is a tool that allows electrophysiological assessment of the peripheral auditory system (i.e., the cochlea and auditory nerve) by using acoustic stimulation. Specifically, ECochG has been used as a monitoring tool during CI surgery in an effort to provide real-time feedback of inner ear physiology that allows for modifying surgical technique in an attempt to avoid trauma caused by the electrode insertion, hence preserving residual hearing 4-6 . The use of ECochG is not new, but its use in CI surgery is novel. Specifically, new technology ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing Electrocochleography as a Microphone for Fully Implantable Cochlear Implants

Riggs

Hiss

Skidmore

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…2 [19]. The system is separated into three main subsystems: 1) a piezoelectric sensor front-end (PZFE), 2) a low-voltage reconfigurable sound processor, and 3) an energy-efficient arbitrary waveform neural stimulator and high-voltage electrode switch matrix.…”

Section: System Requirements and Architecture Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fully-Implantable Cochlear Implant SoC With Piezoelectric Middle-Ear Sensor and Arbitrary Waveform Neural Stimulation

Yip

Jin

Nakajima

et al. 2015

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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115

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A system-on-chip for an invisible, fully-implantable cochlear implant is presented. Implantable acoustic sensing is achieved by interfacing the SoC to a piezoelectric sensor that detects the sound-induced motion of the middle ear. Measurements from human cadaveric ears demonstrate that the sensor can detect sounds between 40 and 90 dB SPL over the speech bandwidth. A highly-reconfigurable digital sound processor enables system power scalability by reconfiguring the number of channels, and provides programmable features to enable a patient-specific fit. A mixed-signal arbitrary waveform neural stimulator enables energy-optimal stimulation pulses to be delivered to the auditory nerve. The energy-optimal waveform is validated with in-vivo measurements from four human subjects which show a 15% to 35% energy saving over the conventional rectangular waveform. Prototyped in a 0.18 μm high-voltage CMOS technology, the SoC in 8-channel mode consumes 572 μW of power including stimulation. The SoC integrates implantable acoustic sensing, sound processing, and neural stimulation on one chip to minimize the implant size, and proof-of-concept is demonstrated with measurements from a human cadaver ear.

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“…In order to eliminate the limitations, the idea of a fully-implantable cochlear implant has been proposed [2]. According to clinical trials, up to 22 channels are required for cochlear implants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to clinical trials, up to 22 channels are required for cochlear implants. However, the band-pass filter-bank based signal processing proposed in [2] only supports few channels. Thus, signal processing in the frequency domain provides higher flexibility for extracting better frequency components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 98.6μW acoustic signal processor for fully-implantable cochlear implants

Liu

Lin

Lee

et al. 2016

2016 International Symposium on VLSI Design, Automation and Test (VLSI-DAT)

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This paper presents a low-power acoustic signal processor for fully-implantable cochlear implants. The developed processor supports adaptive beamforming, frequency-domain analysis, envelope detection, channel combination, and magnitude compression. Power and area are minimized by leveraging dedicated real-valued FFT, register count minimization, data allocation optimization, hardware complexity reduction, and minimum-energy-point operation. Compared to complexvalued FFT, real-valued FFT achieves 44.36% power reduction. Register count minimization and data allocation for FFT output reordering yields 28.07% and 27.09% area and power reduction, respectively. Envelope detection and log-compression are realized by hardware-efficient CORDIC engines. The processor is scalable to support various numbers of channels. This chip is implemented in 90-nm CMOS and the core area is 0.47 mm 2 . It dissipates 98.6 μW at 50 kHz, 0.33 V for a latency of 3 ms.

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18.2 A fully-implantable cochlear implant SoC with piezoelectric middle-ear sensor and energy-efficient stimulation in 0.18μm HVCMOS

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Utilizing Electrocochleography as a Microphone for Fully Implantable Cochlear Implants

Utilizing Electrocochleography as a Microphone for Fully Implantable Cochlear Implants

A Fully-Implantable Cochlear Implant SoC With Piezoelectric Middle-Ear Sensor and Arbitrary Waveform Neural Stimulation

A 98.6μW acoustic signal processor for fully-implantable cochlear implants

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