150-km-range distributed temperature sensor based on coherent detection of spontaneous Brillouin backscatter and in-line Raman amplification

Alahbabi, M.; Cho, Yuh Tat; Newson, T.P.

doi:10.1364/josab.22.001321

Cited by 167 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The distance range is 10 km for a 1 m spatial resolution and is increased to 30 km for a 2 m spatial resolution. These figures are obtained by averaging the signal 2 14 = 16384 times and can be improved by regenerating the signal through Raman or erbium-doped fiber amplification in the sensing fiber, at the expense of a more complicated setup [7].…”

Section: Brillouin Optical Time-domain Reflectometry (Botdr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brillouin distributed time-domain sensing in optical fibers: state of the art and perspectives

Thévenaz

2010

Front. Optoelectron. China

109

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Optical fiber sensors based on stimulated Brillouin scattering have now clearly demonstrated their excellent capability for long-range distributed strain and temperature measurements. The fiber is used as sensing element, and a value for temperature and/or strain can be obtained from any point along the fiber. After explaining the principle and presenting the standard implementation, the latest developments in this class of sensors will be introduced, such as the possibility to measure with a spatial resolution of 10 cm and below while preserving the full accuracy on the determination of temperature and strain.

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Section: Brillouin Optical Time-domain Reflectometry (Botdr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brillouin distributed time-domain sensing in optical fibers: state of the art and perspectives

Thévenaz

2010

Front. Optoelectron. China

109

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“…Several studies have proven that the fiber losses can be successfully compensated using first or second-order distributed Raman amplification [5]- [7], leading to an enhancement of the measurement range without compromising the resolution. In [6], a measurement range of 75 km was demonstrated in a Raman-assisted BOTDA with a resolution of 2 m. In [7], the measurement distance was increased to 100 km with 2 m resolution, however using a more complicated second-order setup.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman-Assisted Brillouin Distributed Temperature Sensor Over 100 km Featuring 2 m Resolution and 1.2 $^{\circ}$C Uncertainty

Angulo-Vinuesa

Martín‐López

Nuño

et al. 2012

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstract-Raman assistance in distributed sensors based on Brillouin optical time-domain analysis can significantly extend the measurement distance. In this paper, we have developed a 2 m resolution long-range Brillouin distributed sensor that reaches 100 km using first-order Raman assistance. The estimated uncertainty in temperature discrimination is 1.2 C, even for the position of worst contrast. The parameters used in the experiment are supported by a simple analytical model of the required values, considering the main limitations of the setup.Index Terms-Brillouin scattering, distributed optic fiber sensor, distributed Raman amplification, Raman scattering, temperature sensor.

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“…Several studies have been realized to extend the system resolution without impairing the measurement range. These rely on signal processing methods [10,11], distributed amplification along the fiber to overcome the fiber loss [12][13][14], or a combination of both [15]. In this talk we will review some of our recent results in the application of Raman-amplified schemes, including advanced higher-order amplification based on the ultralong laser architecture [16], to the improvement of the performance of BOTDA distributed sensors.…”

Section: Abstract: We Review Some Recent Results On the Application Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman-assisted BOTDA sensors

Ania-Castañón

Martín‐López

Alcón-Camas

et al. 2011

IEEE Winter Topicals 2011

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We review some recent results on the application of distributed Raman amplification schemes, including ultralong lasers, to the extension of the operating range and contrast in Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) distributed sensing systems.Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) is a widely-used technique for the distributed measurement along optical fibers. The main interest of BOTDA lies in the possibility of using it to develop sensors for the continuous monitoring of temperature and/or strain in optical fibers [1][2][3][4][5]. Additionally, BOTDA has been used to perform power distribution measurements along optical fibers, enabling the measurement of fiber attenuation [6], chromatic dispersion [7] and parametric amplification [8]. The measurement range of BOTDA systems is typically shorter than 50 km [9] and generally limited to 20-30 km with a spatial resolution between 1-2 meters. The measurement range limitation is basically due to fiber attenuation. The losses in the fiber cause a drop of signal contrast with distance and a growth in the measurement uncertainty, as a simple result of the pump power reduction that critically scales the actual Brillouin gain. In these systems there is also a trade-off between resolution and measurement range: while it is desirable to have the highest possible resolution, this requires the use of short optical pulses, so the effective distance for amplification is reduced accordingly. This increases the difficulty in detection because the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is reduced. To some extent, one can compensate this by raising the pump power. However, the pump power cannot be increased indefinitely since other competing nonlinear effects (modulation instability and Raman) and also significant pump depletion start to take place. Thus, depending on system requirements, one has to choose between short pulses for increased resolution, or longer pulses for increased range. Several studies have been realized to extend the system resolution without impairing the measurement range. These rely on signal processing methods [10,11], distributed amplification along the fiber to overcome the fiber loss [12][13][14], or a combination of both [15]. In this talk we will review some of our recent results in the application of Raman-amplified schemes, including advanced higher-order amplification based on the ultralong laser architecture [16], to the improvement of the performance of BOTDA distributed sensors.

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150-km-range distributed temperature sensor based on coherent detection of spontaneous Brillouin backscatter and in-line Raman amplification

Cited by 167 publications

References 5 publications

Brillouin distributed time-domain sensing in optical fibers: state of the art and perspectives

Brillouin distributed time-domain sensing in optical fibers: state of the art and perspectives

Raman-Assisted Brillouin Distributed Temperature Sensor Over 100 km Featuring 2 m Resolution and 1.2 $^{\circ}$C Uncertainty

Raman-assisted BOTDA sensors

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