“…Taking advantage of their innate tropism for tumors, genetically engineered versions of MSC have been under preclinical and clinical development as cell delivery systems of several anticancer agents. One of the most commonly adopted approach is the enhancement of endogenous antitumor immunity by engineering MSC to produce antitumor cytokines or soluble factors such as β-interferon ( Ahn et al, 2013 ; Dembinski et al, 2013 ; Chen et al, 2019 ), interleukin-2 ( Mounayar et al, 2013 ; Zhao, 2013 ), interleukin-12 ( Elzaouk et al, 2006 ; Jeong et al, 2015 ), interleukin-15 ( Jing et al, 2014 ), INF-alpha ( Ren et al, 2008 ), or CX3CL1 ( Xin et al, 2007 ). Another approach is the use of MSC to deliver tumor cytotoxic agents such as TRAIL (TNF-α related apoptosis inducing ligand) ( Grisendi et al, 2010 ; Loebinger et al, 2010 ; Deng et al, 2014 ; Yan et al, 2014 ; Xia et al, 2015 ; Rossignoli et al, 2019 ; Spano et al, 2019 ), osteoprotegerin (OPG) ( Qiao et al, 2015 ), NK4 ( Kanehira et al, 2007 ), and HGF ( Zhu et al, 2009 ).…”