14C measurement for size-fractionated airborne particulate matters

Endo, Masao; Yamamoto, Naomichi; Yoshinaga, Jun; Yanagisawa, Yukio; Endō, Osamu; Goto, Sumio; Yoneda, Minoru; Shibata, Yasuyuki; Morita, Masatoshi

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.08.003

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The 14 C method has become essential for source apportionment of the carbonaceous fraction of aerosol. 14 C measurements require high precision and accuracy, which can only be achieved by the accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) technique due to the low carbon content of the collected aerosol samples (Clayton et al 1955;Currie 2000;Endo et al 2004;Szidat et al 2004Szidat et al , 2006Szidat et al , 2009Bench et al 2007). …”

Section: Major Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Year-Long Continuous and Synchronous Data Set of Fossil Carbon in Atmospheric PM_2.5 and Carbon Dioxide in Debrecen, Hungary

et al. 2015

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ABSTRACT. Radiocarbon investigation of atmospheric PM 2.5 aerosol synchronized with 14 CO 2 observations began in Debrecen in the winter of 2010. The aim of the study was to determine the contemporary and fossil carbon fractions in the aerosol and to set them against the fossil CO 2 excess data referring to the same period. The mass of the collected PM 2.5 mode on prebaked quartz filters was determined gravimetrically, while its total carbon mass was calculated from the pressure of CO 2 gas produced after the combustion of the filters. As a result of the applied sampling and preparation method, the stable, nonvolatile carbon forms were principally studied.14 C measurements of the tiny aerosol bulk samples were performed using the EnvironMICADAS accelerator mass spectrometer at ATOMKI. The sample preparation method was tested using several blanks, standards, and real samples. Test results showed good reproducibility for the applied aerosol sample preparation and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14 C analyses. Atmospheric fossil CO 2 excess data were calculated according Levin et al. (2003), using the 14 C results of collected CO 2 samples measured by the gas proportional counting system at ATOMKI. Mass concentration of PM 10 involving the PM 2.5 mode in the city air exceeded the daily average of 50 µg/m 3 (24-hr limit value in the EU) several times in 2011, mainly during the winter. The results showed that recently derived carbon most likely from domestic wood burning was causing the elevated carbon mass concentration of PM 2.5 in Debrecen at the time. In the course of the 1-yr-long continuous and systematic comparison of fossil carbon mass concentration of PM 2.5 mode and mole fraction of fossil excess of atmospheric CO 2 , similar and synchronous trends were observed during the studied period in Debrecen.

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Section: Major Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Year-Long Continuous and Synchronous Data Set of Fossil Carbon in Atmospheric PM_2.5 and Carbon Dioxide in Debrecen, Hungary

et al. 2015

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“…In order to remove the impurities, Endo et al (2004) used both silver (100 mg) and copper metal (500 mg) in the combustion of a 1-mg C sample. In the present study, newly manufactured copper was cleaned by heating in vacuum while silver was used directly from the jar.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Amount Of Silver And Coppermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the method described by Endo et al (2004), copper oxide was used as the oxidative agent during the combustion. However, they did not report the physical form of the copper oxide.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Physical Form Of Copper Oxidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vandeputte et al (1996) conducted a thorough study on combustion at lower temperatures in sealed Pyrex ® glass tubes and found that manganese oxide was required for a satisfactory result. Endo et al (2004) presented a method for the combustion of aerosol samples on which our method is based. They found that significantly higher amounts of reagents (copper oxide, copper metal, and silver) were necessary for successful combustion of aerosol samples compared to other samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sealed-Glass-Tube Combustion of µg-Sized Aerosol Samples

Genberg

2013

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ABSTRACT.It is important to evaluate each step in radiocarbon analysis to ensure that the whole process is as efficient and accurate as possible. Aerosol filter samples contain a myriad of carbonaceous compounds with varying resistance to oxidation. Complete combustion of the sample is thus of great importance to ensure that the graphitized sample is representative of the original filter sample. We have evaluated sealed tube combustion of µg-sized aerosol samples using different types and amounts of reagents. Successful analysis of aerosol samples as small as 20 µg C was possible following small changes to our standard on-line method. The sealed tube combustion method performs well for standard samples containing 11 µg C.

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“…However 14 C is absent from fossil fuels, having radioactively decayed to unmeasurably small amounts because of the ancient age of fossil carbon. This dichotomy is the basis of inferring the fraction of fossil carbon in an ambient aerosol sample by comparing its 14 C content to that of living material, a methodology that has become increasingly popular in recent years (Klinedinst and Currie 1999;Lemire et al 2002;Tanner et al 2004;Szidat et al 2004aSzidat et al , 2004bEndo et al 2004;Lewis et al 2004Lewis et al , 2006Bench and Herckes 2004;Ward et al 2006;Szidat et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absence of¹⁴C in PM2.5 Emissions from Gasohol Combustion in Small Engines

Lewis¹,

Volckens²,

Braddock³

et al. 2006

Aerosol Science and Technology

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PM2.5 combustion emissions from small engines (string trimmer and chainsaw) using gasoline containing biogenic ethanol were collected and analyzed for their 14 C content. The sampling methodology was designed to minimize potential bias from organic artifact effects. The 14 C in the PM2.5 emissions was found to be drastically smaller (approximately a factor of 40) than the 14 C amounts measured in the fuels. This suggests that the current method of using 14 C measurements on ambient aerosol to estimate the contribution from fossil fuel combustion will be little affected by increased use of ethanol-containing gasoline.

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14C measurement for size-fractionated airborne particulate matters

Cited by 20 publications

References 13 publications

One-Year-Long Continuous and Synchronous Data Set of Fossil Carbon in Atmospheric PM_2.5 and Carbon Dioxide in Debrecen, Hungary

One-Year-Long Continuous and Synchronous Data Set of Fossil Carbon in Atmospheric PM_2.5 and Carbon Dioxide in Debrecen, Hungary

Sealed-Glass-Tube Combustion of µg-Sized Aerosol Samples

Absence of¹⁴C in PM2.5 Emissions from Gasohol Combustion in Small Engines

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14C measurement for size-fractionated airborne particulate matters

Cited by 20 publications

References 13 publications

One-Year-Long Continuous and Synchronous Data Set of Fossil Carbon in Atmospheric PM2.5 and Carbon Dioxide in Debrecen, Hungary

One-Year-Long Continuous and Synchronous Data Set of Fossil Carbon in Atmospheric PM2.5 and Carbon Dioxide in Debrecen, Hungary

Sealed-Glass-Tube Combustion of µg-Sized Aerosol Samples

Absence of14C in PM2.5 Emissions from Gasohol Combustion in Small Engines

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Product

Resources

About

One-Year-Long Continuous and Synchronous Data Set of Fossil Carbon in Atmospheric PM_2.5 and Carbon Dioxide in Debrecen, Hungary

One-Year-Long Continuous and Synchronous Data Set of Fossil Carbon in Atmospheric PM_2.5 and Carbon Dioxide in Debrecen, Hungary

Absence of¹⁴C in PM2.5 Emissions from Gasohol Combustion in Small Engines