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Salgueiro, S.; Pignocchi, Cristina; Parry, M. A. J.

doi:10.1023/a:1006331831858

Cited by 27 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The composite nested promoters found in the Acc genes may be commonly used in grasses; for the Acc genes, the core of the downstream promoter is located in the first intron of transcripts made from the upstream promoter. This arrangement is also found in the well studied promoters of the rice ␤-tubulin gene (17) and the maize ubiquitin gene (18), where the core promoters and their associated cis-acting regulatory elements are intertwined with translation signals encoded in the transcript leaders and the splicing signals needed to remove the leader introns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Complex nested promoters control tissue-specific expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase genes in wheat

Zuther¹,

Huang²,

Jeleńska³

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Cis-acting regulatory elements of the wheat acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) gene family were identified by comparing the promoter activity of 5 end gene fragments fused to a reporter gene in two transient expression systems: wheat protoplasts and epidermal cells of mature embryos. Expression of the plastid and the cytosolic ACC genes is each driven by two nested promoters responsible for the synthesis of two transcript types. The internal promoter is located in an intron removed from transcripts originating at the first promoter. These complex promoters, which are different for the cytosolic and plastid ACC genes, control tissue-specific expression of the enzymatic activity supplying cytosolic, plastid, and mitochondrial pools of malonyl-CoA. The activity of one such complex promoter, driving expression of one of the cytosolic ACC genes, was studied throughout development of transgenic wheat plants carrying a full-length promoter-reporter gene fusion. High activity of the promoter was detected in the coleoptile, in the upper sheath section of the leaf, on the top surface of the ovary, in some sections of the main veins in the lemma and glume, and in abaxial epidermis hair cells of the lemma, glume, and rachis. The findings are consistent with the developmental and environmental requirements for very-long-chain fatty acids and flavonoids, whose synthesis begins with the ACC reaction in the cytosol of these specific cell types.M odern bread wheat has a large hexaploid genome, making molecular genetic studies difficult. We have been studying the structure, evolution, and function of the family of genes encoding the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) during wheat development (1-7).In plants, separate ACC isozymes supply the malonyl-CoA pools used for de novo fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis in plastids and mitochondria, and for FA elongation and flavonoid (FL) and stilbene biosynthesis in the cytosol (8, 9). FAs are essential in membrane biogenesis, lipoic acid synthesis, production of oil as storage material, cuticular wax (CW) synthesis, signaling, and pollen-stigma interaction. FLs play multiple roles in plants as pigments and UV protectants, defense compounds, and as signals (10). Malonyl-CoA is also used for protein and smallmolecule malonylation.Our previous study (5) showed that significant regulation of cytosolic and plastid ACC genes in young wheat plants is accomplished at the transcript level. The number and identity of transcribed genes were established by cDNA and genomic DNA sequence comparisons. Transcription start sites and splicing patterns of leader introns were identified for multiple genes, including homoeologs and paralogs. We found that in wheat seedlings, the plastid ACC mRNA level is high in the middle part of the plant and low in roots and leaf blades. The three plastid ACC-homoeologous genes are equivalent in their level of expression. Cytosolic ACC mRNA accumulates to a high level in the lower sheath section of the plant. For the cytosolic ACC genes, we found that transcripts of the three homoeo...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Complex nested promoters control tissue-specific expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase genes in wheat

Zuther¹,

Huang²,

Jeleńska³

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…This means that the intron is able to drive gene expression without a minimal promoter sequence present. In monocots, the maize ubiquitin 1 intron can drive GUS expression in tritordeum inflorescences (Salgueiro et al, 2000). In dicots, an intron with reported intrinsic promoter activity is the intron of Petunia madbox gene FBP11 (floral binding protein 11) which mediates GUS expression in floral organs including sepal, petal, stamen, carpel organs when fused to the gusA gene (Liao et al, 2013).…”

Section: Ime Affects Multiple Levels Of Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a detectable effect on the translation level relative to the post-transcriptional level was only shown for a few introns (Mascarenhas et al, 1990; Lu et al, 2008; Samadder et al, 2008). IME rarely targets the promoter level (Salgueiro et al, 2000; Kim et al, 2006; Liao et al, 2013; Xiao et al, 2014) but should not be overseen because gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans entirely depends on introns (Okkema et al, 1993). The last level of complexity is based on the observation that even though different levels are targeted by IME the effect can be very different.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intron-Mediated Enhancement: A Tool for Heterologous Gene Expression in Plants?

Laxa

2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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Many plant promoters were characterized and used for transgene expression in plants. Even though these promoters drive high levels of transgene expression in plants, the expression patterns are rarely constitutive but restricted to some tissues and developmental stages. In terms of crop improvement not only the enhancement of expression per se but, in particular, tissue-specific and spatial expression of genes plays an important role. Introns were used to boost expression in transgenic plants in the field of crop improvement for a long time. However, the mechanism behind this so called intron-mediated enhancement (IME) is still largely unknown. This review highlights the complexity of IME on the levels of its regulation and modes of action and gives an overview on IME methodology, examples in fundamental research and models of proposed mechanisms. In addition, the application of IME in heterologous gene expression is discussed.

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“…These special intron sequences may indicate that they may play the role in sex-related gene expression. Some researches have revealed that intron was an important factor in regulation of eukaryotic gene and the strategic optimization of transgene expression, and they could play the role of positive or negative regulation (Hisatsune et al 2005;Salgueiro et al 2000;Sheriar et al 1998). However, the clarification of the mechanisms of how these intron sequences participate and effect sexrelated gene expression needs further research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and application of SCAR markers for sex identification in the dioecious species Ginkgo biloba L.

et al. 2009

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There is an urgent need for early sex identification to support field planting in Ginkgo biloba L., due to the different economic and medicinal values between male and female trees. An easy, rapid and reliable molecular method for sex type determination of G. biloba was reported in the paper. Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) were used to search for specific molecular markers linked to the sex locus. A total of 48 primers were used for screening of specific RAPD markers in six male and three female samples. Only one primer, S10, showed different amplification band patterns associated with sex types. Then the sex-specific bands, S10-BandA and S10-BandB, were cloned and sequenced. Based on the sequences two pairs of SCAR primers, GBA and GBB, were designed. The GBA primers amplify a single 571 bp band in male samples but not in female samples, and DNA amplification using GBB primers could generate a 688 bp band only in the female individuals. Finally, the SCAR primers were used to test 16 sex-unknown samples. SCAR primers developed in this paper can be used as effective, convenient and reliable molecular markers for sex identification in G. biloba.

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Cited by 27 publications

References 19 publications

Complex nested promoters control tissue-specific expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase genes in wheat

Complex nested promoters control tissue-specific expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase genes in wheat

Intron-Mediated Enhancement: A Tool for Heterologous Gene Expression in Plants?

Development and application of SCAR markers for sex identification in the dioecious species Ginkgo biloba L.

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