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Galanis, Daniel J; Kolonel, Laurence N.; Lee, James; Marchand, Loı̈c Le

doi:10.1023/a:1008842613331

Cited by 70 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Because accurate, early screening and diagnosis are central to survival from breast cancer, insights gleaned from a greater understanding of APO E could aid researchers in identifying those individuals who may be at increased risk of developing breast cancer and ultimately other cancers [44, 45, 51, 53, 129, 130, 131, 132]. Breast cancer survival is improved by targeting factors, particularly certain biological and lifestyle factors, underlying these differences [71, 72, 97, 100, 104, 118, 127, 130, 131].…”

Section: Discussion: Implications For Cancer Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Breast cancer survival is improved by targeting factors, particularly certain biological and lifestyle factors, underlying these differences [71, 72, 97, 100, 104, 118, 127, 130, 131]. This is due to the fact that the incidence of breast cancer in the Western world runs parallel to that of the major components of the insulin resistance syndrome, specifically hyperinsulinaemia, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and atherosclerosis [73, 123].…”

Section: Discussion: Implications For Cancer Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Breast cancer remains a major public health problem [58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, …”

Section: Breast Cancer In Non-hispanic White and African-american Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, obesity worsens the prognosis of breast cancer in both pre- and postmenopausal women. Galanis et al [131]noted that women in the highest quintile of BMI were at significantly higher risk of developing breast cancer compared with their leaner counterparts. This association between BMI and postmenopausal breast cancer risk is also strongest among women aged 65 years [58, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123].…”

Section: Biological Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Apolipoprotein E and the Risk of Breast Cancer in African-American and Non-Hispanic White Women

2004

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The apolipoprotein genetic polymorphism (APO E) is part of a broader paradigm, highlighting the role of gene-environment interactions as risk factors for human diseases such as cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, peripheral artery disease, diabetes, stroke, and most recently, cancer. APO E, a normal constituent of very-low-density lipoproteins and high-density lipoproteins, is involved in many functions, including lipid metabolism, cholesterol transport, tissue repair, immune response and regulation, as well as cell growth and differentiation. The location, frequency and functional effects of this gene have been reviewed elsewhere in terms of cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease, neuromuscular disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke and diabetes. However, while the majority of studies have examined the significance of APO E as a molecular marker for a variety of diseases in multiethnic populations, few evaluate its role as a putative marker of cancer susceptibility. Fewer explore the importance of APO E on the risk of breast cancer, although some report an association. None have been designed to study its relevance as a marker of breast cancer risk in multiethnic populations. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the association between APO E and the risk for breast cancer in non-Hispanic white and African-American women.

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Section: Discussion: Implications For Cancer Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussion: Implications For Cancer Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Breast Cancer In Non-hispanic White and African-american Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biological Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Apolipoprotein E and the Risk of Breast Cancer in African-American and Non-Hispanic White Women

2004

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“…Obesity has been shown consistently to increase rates of breast cancer in postmenopausal women by 30-50% (Hunter and Willett, 1993;Ballard-Barbash and Swanson, 1996;Trentham-Dietz et al, 1997;Galanis et al, 1998). Some studies have found central adiposity to be an independent predictor of postmenopausal breast cancer risk beyond the risk attributed to overweight alone (Folsom et al, 1993;Kaaks et al, 1998).…”

Section: Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and cancer

2004

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Large prospective studies show a significant association with obesity for several cancers, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified the evidence of a causal link as 'sufficient' for cancers of the colon, female breast (postmenopausal), endometrium, kidney (renal cell), and esophagus (adenocarcinoma). These data, and the rising worldwide trend in obesity, suggest that overeating may be the largest avoidable cause of cancer in nonsmokers. Few obese people are successful in long-term weight reduction, and thus there is little direct evidence regarding the impact of weight reduction on cancer risk. If the correlation between obesity and cancer mortality is entirely causal, we estimate that overweight and obesity now account for one in seven of cancer deaths in men and one in five in women in the US.

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Longitudinal Study on the Role of Body Size in Premenopausal Breast Cancer

Michels

Terry²,

Willett³

2006

Arch Intern Med

142

131

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Background: A high body mass index (BMI) has been related to a reduced risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women. The mechanisms underlying this association have not been elucidated. Methods: We explored whether factors affecting ovulation may explain the inverse association between BMI (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) and breast cancer in 113 130 premenopausal participants in the Nurses' Health Study II. During 1 225 520 person-years of prospective follow-up between 1989 and 2003, 1398 incident cases of invasive breast cancer were diagnosed. Weight, height, ovulatory infertility, menstrual cycle patterns, and a multitude of covariates were assessed throughout follow-up. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compute hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: We observed a significant linear inverse trend between current BMI and breast cancer incidence (PϽ.001) that was not explained by menstrual cycle characteristics or infertility due to an ovulatory disorder (covariate-adjusted hazard ratio for breast cancer in women with a BMI Ն30 vs 20.0-22.4, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68-0.96). We found BMI at age 18 years to be the strongest predictor of breast cancer incidence (covariate-adjusted hazard ratio for breast cancer in women with a BMI at age 18 years Ն27.5 vs 20.0-22.4, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.41-0.81). Conclusions: Body size during the early phases of adult life seems to be particularly important in the development of premenopausal breast cancer. Factors other than anovulation are likely to mediate the protection conferred by a high BMI.

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Cited by 70 publications

References 44 publications

Apolipoprotein E and the Risk of Breast Cancer in African-American and Non-Hispanic White Women

Apolipoprotein E and the Risk of Breast Cancer in African-American and Non-Hispanic White Women

Obesity and cancer

Longitudinal Study on the Role of Body Size in Premenopausal Breast Cancer

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