125 Toxic Effects of Chronic Sub-Lethal Cu 2+ , Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Various Tissues of the Blood Cockle, Anadara granosa

Abstract

Blood cockles, Anadara granosa, live in coastal mudflats under threaten of low-dose chronic heavy metal exposure. The toxic effects of low dose chronic copper (7.1, 14.2, and 28.4 μg/L), lead (43, 86, and 172 μg/L), and cadmium (55, 110, and 220 μg/L) exposure on the antioxidant enzyme activities in gill, gonad and digestive gland of A. granosa were investigated in this study. The activities of superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) fluctuated with increased copper, lead, and cadmium exposure time. The heavy metal exposure concentration and duration (7, 14, 21, and 28 days) showed significant effects on the antioxidant enzyme activities in tested tissues. Moreover, the activities of tested antioxidant enzymes not only varied among different tissues, but also were dependent on metal species, suggesting the reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be produced through different mechanisms for different metals in various tissues. Our results indicate that the application of antioxidant enzyme activities as endpoints in toxicology bioassays for chronic sub-lethal metals must be done with caution due to their complicated produce mechanisms.

Anthropogenic Noise Aggravates the Toxicity of Cadmium on Some Physiological Characteristics of the Blood Clam Tegillarca granosa

“…The widespread applications of Cd in both consumer and industrial products, such as plastics, ceramics, glass and vehicle tires, have resulted in the consistent presence of Cd contamination in marine ecosystems, which was reported to be as high as 50 μg/L in several heavily polluted areas (Vinarao et al, 2014). Due to its intrinsic ionic similarity to calcium, Cd can be accidentally ingested by marine bivalves and enter into their cells through calcium channels (Vercauteren and Blust, 1999; Shi et al, 2018a), which would subsequently provoke a series of physiological responses, such as a decreased filtration rate, a hampered metabolism, and an altered sex ratio (Liu et al, 2014; Peng et al, 2015a; Shi et al, 2016; Wu et al, 2017). More importantly, many researches have proven that the harmful effects of Cd may occur at a much lower concentration than previously estimated (Zhang et al, 2008).…”

Analisis Pencemaran Logam Berat Pada Sedimen Permukaan Di Dasar Perairan Laut Pulau Pasaran

“…Penurunan nilai feeding rate dikaitkan dengan perubahan kondisi kontrol saraf pada silia yang ada di dalam insan kerang (Tie, 1997). Sementara itu, studi yang dilakukan oleh Peng et al (2015) melaporkan adanya dampak yang signifikan terhadap enzim antioksidan pada kerang darah atau Anadara granosa yang diakibatkan oleh toksisitas timbal. Jika terus berlanjut tanpa upaya penanganan yang serius, kondisi semacam ini akan memberikan dampak negatif terhadap pertumbuhan kerang dan berimplikasi pada hasil panen dan kondisi perekonomian para nelayan, mengingat kerang hijau dan kerang darah merupakan komoditas yang cukup banyak diandalkan di Pulau Pasaran.…”

In vitro assessment of the toxicity of lead (Pb2+) to phycocyanin

“…As a result of river inputs the oceans have been polluted for years, and the bioaccumulation and chelation of lead by marine organisms keep the concentration of lead at high pollution levels (do Sul and Costa, 2014;Burnett and Patterson, 2015;Raspor et al, 2015). There have been many works in toxicology, marine biology and ecology reported on the toxicity of lead to the marine organisms, regarding DNA damage, enzyme inhibition, and so forth (Tao et al, 2000;Tang et al, 2013;Peng et al, 2015).…”