118 Effects of Two-Stage Weaning Duration on Beef Cattle Growth and Vocalizations

Clark, E. O.; Deller, A. N.; Harrelson, Patricia L; Harrelson, Flint W

doi:10.2527/ssasas2017.0118

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Weaning is one of the most stressful periods in calf growth owing to the underdevelopment of the gastrointestinal system, incomplete intestinal microecosystem, low immune and antioxidant capacity, and weak digestion and absorption capacity of calves during the early weaning stage ( Clark et al, 2016 ). Weaning stress, such as diarrhea, growth retardation, and even death, can occur as a result of dietary and psychological changes, which can seriously affect the welfare of calves and cause huge economic losses to the cattle breeding industry ( Sweeney et al, 2010 ; Pempek et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of two strains of Lactobacillus isolated from the feces of calves after fecal microbiota transplantation on growth performance, immune capacity, and intestinal barrier function of weaned calves

Li,

Nie

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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IntroductionWeaning stress seriously affects the welfare of calves and causes huge economic losses to the cattle breeding industry. Probiotics play an important role in improving animal growth performance, enhancing immune function, and improving gut microbiota. The newly isolated strains of Lactobacillus reuteri L81 and Lactobacillus johnsonii L29 have shown potential as probiotics. Here, we studied the probiotic properties of these two strains on weaned calves.MethodsForty calves were randomly assigned to four groups before weaning, with 10 calves in each group, control group (Ctrl group), L. reuteri L81 supplementation group (2 g per day per calf), L. johnsonii L29 supplementation group (2 g per day per calf), L. reuteri L81 and L. johnsonii L29 composite group (2 g per day per calf), and the effects of Lactobacillus reuteri L81 and Lactobacillus johnsonii L29 supplementation on growth performance, immune status, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal barrier function of weaned calves were evaluated.ResultsThe results showed that probiotics supplementation increased the average daily weight gain of calves after weaning, reduced weaning diarrhea index (p < 0.05), and increased serum IgA, IgM, and IgG levels (p < 0.05). L. reuteri L81 supplementation significantly decreased IL-6, increased IL-10 and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels at 21 d after weaning (p < 0.05). Moreover, probiotics supplementation significantly decreased serum endotoxin (ET), diamine oxidase (DAO), and D-lactic acid (D-LA) levels at different time points (p < 0.05). In addition, supplementation with L. reuteri L81 significantly reduced the crypt depth and increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (p < 0.05) in the ileum, increased gene expression of tight junction protein ZO-1, Claudin-1 and Occludin in jejunum and ileum mucosa, reduced the gene expression of INF- γ in ileum mucosa and IL-8 in jejunum mucosa, and increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria, including Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Oscillospira, etc.Discussionverall, these results showed that the two strains isolated from cattle feces after low concentration fecal microbiota transplantation improved the growth performance, immune performance, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal barrier function of weaned calves, indicating their potential as supplements to alleviate weaning diarrhea in calves.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of two strains of Lactobacillus isolated from the feces of calves after fecal microbiota transplantation on growth performance, immune capacity, and intestinal barrier function of weaned calves

Li,

Nie

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Weaning is one of the most stressful periods in calf 's life (Clark et al, 2016). Owing to the incomplete development of gastrointestinal system and intestinal microbial ecosystem of weaned calves, weaning stress occurs in the face of sudden changes in feeding environment (single column to group feeding) and diet, leading to gastrointestinal dysfunction and diarrhea (Wang et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of fecal microbiota transplantation from yaks on weaning diarrhea, fecal microbiota composition, microbial network structure and functional pathways in Chinese Holstein calves

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from yaks on weaning diarrhea, fecal microbiota composition, microbial network structure and functional pathways in Chinese Holstein Calves. In this study, 50 calves were randomly divided into five groups of 10 each: NC group (no supplementation), Control group (normal saline), low concentration FMT group (LFMT, 1 × 108 CFU/ml), high concentration FMT group (HMFT, 1 × 109 CFU/ml), and sterilized FMT group (SMFT, sterilized bacterial solution). The test lasted for 30 days. We found that FMT reduced the incidence of diarrhea in weaned calves, and the anti-diarrhea effect of LFMT was stronger than those of HFMT and SFMT. Calf feces were collected by rectal palpation on days 5, 10, 15, and 20 post-weaning, and high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal internal transcribed spacer region of fecal microbiota was performed. We observed that the richness and diversity of bacterial microbiota in the LFMT, HFMT, and SFMT groups were higher than those in the NC and Control groups at day 20 after weaning. The treatment had a significant effect on bacterial richness (p < 0.05), but not on fungal diversity or richness. The analysis of gut microbiome showed that Firmicutes and Bacteroides were the main bacterial phyla in the feces of weaned calves, and norank_ f Muribaculaceae, UCG-005, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Bacteroides, and Blautia were the main genera. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the main fungal phyla. Compared to abundance parameters in the Control and NC groups, relative abundances of Firmicutes in the FMT groups increased at different time points after weaning. The relative abundance of Blautia and Lactobacillus in the LFMT group increased significantly after weaning. In addition, abundances of Ruminococcus and Romboutsia, which produce short-chain fatty acids, were also increased in different FMT groups. FMT significantly increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, enhanced the complexity of the fecal microbial network, and promoted important metabolic and cellular processes in weaned calves. In conclusion, our study provides a reference and theoretical basis for FMT to prevent calf weaning diarrhea and other intestinal diseases in ruminants.

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118 Effects of Two-Stage Weaning Duration on Beef Cattle Growth and Vocalizations

Cited by 2 publications

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Effects of two strains of Lactobacillus isolated from the feces of calves after fecal microbiota transplantation on growth performance, immune capacity, and intestinal barrier function of weaned calves

Effects of two strains of Lactobacillus isolated from the feces of calves after fecal microbiota transplantation on growth performance, immune capacity, and intestinal barrier function of weaned calves

Effects of fecal microbiota transplantation from yaks on weaning diarrhea, fecal microbiota composition, microbial network structure and functional pathways in Chinese Holstein calves

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