11. The Calculating Forester: Quantification, Cameral Science, and the Emergence of Scientific Forestry Management in Germany

Lowood, Henry

doi:10.1525/9780520321595-013

Cited by 71 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…176 It has been shown how German foresters came to pay for certain elements of their own Bureaucratized style of observation, abandoning efficiencies of a particular model of state-compatible sight for a renewed embrace of "nature," and with it some of the very complexities that they had sought to control. 177 Philologists, too, had their collective second thoughts. The very success of the organizational agenda of a towering figure like Mommsen would help advance the corrosion of the comprehensive approach to Roman antiquity that he espoused.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Philological Observation

Flow

2020

Mod. Intell. Hist.

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Scholars have shown that historicizing studies of sight can shed light on everything from art history to statecraft to scientific inquiry. But the disciplined eye of the scholar of language—the philological observer—has received little attention, an omission particularly worthy of notice given recent interest in how the history of humanities might be incorporated into the history of science more broadly. This article contributes to a treatment of philological observation in the nineteenth century. Focusing particularly on the career of the Munich Latinist Eduard Wölfflin (1831–1908), a founding father of the monumental Latin lexicon known as the Thesaurus linguae Latinae, it isolates three distinct modes of philological observation: the constitutive, the collative, and the estimative. In the process, it indicates parallels between the kinds of sight practiced by philologists and those of their contemporaries in other investigative arenas, showing how developments on a Latinist's desk can be tied into much larger networks of cultural and epistemic concerns

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Philological Observation

Flow

2020

Mod. Intell. Hist.

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“…O projeto da Estação Florestal do Rio Vermelho foi elaborado pelo comerciante de tecidos, entusiasta da engenharia flo- Lowood (1991) e Ioris (2014). Estes autores discutem o surgimento e os princípios das ciências florestais, disciplinas modernas cujos objetivos em linhas gerais são a criação e gestão de florestas disciplinadas de acordo com uma racionalidade científica, com a ideia de aliar políticas de "preservação da natureza" e desenvolvimento econômico por meio do exercício de controle sobre as áreas protegidas.…”

Section: O Paerve -De Estação Florestal a Parque Estadualunclassified

“…Em documento intitulado "Um apelo ao bom senso", provavelmente datado após a criação da estação, Berenhauser, exortando seu projeto, argumenta que (...) a silvicultura poderá tornar-se a remissão da população do litoral, empobrecida pelo esgotamento de suas terras, devido a monocultura de mandioca durante dois séculos. quantitativos que fundamentavam a disciplina da ciência florestal, tal como surgiu na Alemanha: "diversidade mínima, cálculo fiscal e rentabilidade assegurada" (LOWOOD, 1991, apud IORIS, 2014. Parece ser o caso da Estação Florestal, exceto pelo fato de que ela experimentava uma grande diversidade de espécies para ver qual melhor se adaptaria ao bioma da região.…”

Section: O Paerve -De Estação Florestal a Parque Estadualunclassified

A fabricação da natureza

Valdez

2022

RURIS

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Este artigo aborda as transformações da paisagem numa perspectiva que abarca a ação de humanos e não humanos, para além da dicotomia Natureza/Cultura. O foco recai sobre a área do atual Parque Estadual do Rio Vermelho (Florianópolis/SC). O autor reflete sobre as percepções e práticas subjacentes ao antigo projeto de silvicultura no local, baseado em uma racionalidade moderna, objetivando a homogeneização da paisagem, apagando marcas e vestígios da ocupação dos habitantes locais. Também explora os desdobramentos deste projeto, cuja crise levou a inesperados processos de produção de diferença, proporcionando proliferações de novos elementos heterogêneos na paisagem.

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“…Scientific forestry as it emerged in eighteenth-century Germany was based on the premise that forests were scarce resources that were essential for state revenue. 6 Forestry evolved in the most industrial regions of Germany, such as Saxony, where the demand for timber and fuel was high. Scientific forestry started with the premise that the state should regulate forest use and sharply circumscribe rural peopleʼs access to forests for fuel, pasture, construction materials, fodder, and game, activities which foresters portrayed as raubwirtschaftlich, predatory and destructive.…”

Section: The European and Asian Origins Of Colonial Scientific Forestrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Working in the Mangroves and Beyond: Scientific Forestry and the Labour Question in Early Colonial Tanzania

Sunseri

2005

Environment and History

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Germans arrived in Tanzania with a vision of scientific forestry derived from European and Asian templates of forest management that was premised on the creation of forest reserves emptied of human settlement. They found a landscape and human environment that was not amenable to established practices of rotational forestry. In particular, a general labour dearth and resistance from Tanzanian peasants and labour migrants forced German foresters to compromise their forestry blueprint. The backdrop of the Maji Maji rebellion of 1905 led colonial authorities to back away from the unbridled use of force to muster labour for forest work, and land abundance in most of the colony stymied the introduction of taungya methods of forest squatting as practised in Asia. Early priority given to managing mangrove forests for revenue generation further undermined established precepts of scientific forestry, seen in the trend toward granting concessions to private entrepreneurs for mangrove bark exploitation rather than for timber. The persistence of an African and Asian consumer demand for mangrove poles and fuel wood subverted a vision of rotational forestry based on timber milling. Problems of labour procurement and retention furthermore undermined efforts to demarcate and conserve inland dry canopy forests, and obviated the expansion of managed forestry into woodland savannahs. By the end of German rule managed state forestry had therefore failed to reshape the landscape according to a Eurocentric and Asian model of development.

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11. The Calculating Forester: Quantification, Cameral Science, and the Emergence of Scientific Forestry Management in Germany

Cited by 71 publications

References 0 publications

Philological Observation

Philological Observation

A fabricação da natureza

Working in the Mangroves and Beyond: Scientific Forestry and the Labour Question in Early Colonial Tanzania

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