11-GHz Radio: Nationwide Long-Term Rain Rate Statistics and Empirical Calculation of 11-GHz Microwave Rain Attenuation

Lin, S. H.

doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1977.tb00582.x

Cited by 67 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Similar data for the United States was accumulated by Lin [14] [15] but unavailable outside the Bell system until now.…”

Section: Rain Rates For Cities In North Americasupporting

confidence: 53%

Improvements in fixed point-to-point microwave radio path design

Kizer

2008

2008 Wireless Telecomunications Symposium

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Fixed point-to-point microwave radio systems continue to be used for a wide range of industrial and governmental data transmission applications. Long distance microwave radios operating in the 6 to 11 GHz bands are limited by obstruction fading. Short distance microwave radios operating at 11 GHz and above are limited by rain fading. This paper provides powerful design procedures not previously available to the design community outside Bell Labs.

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“…Similar data for the United States was accumulated by Lin [14] [15] but unavailable outside the Bell system until now.…”

Section: Rain Rates For Cities In North Americasupporting

confidence: 53%

Improvements in fixed point-to-point microwave radio path design

Kizer

2008

2008 Wireless Telecomunications Symposium

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“…This results in higher equivalent path length compared to the physical path length. That of Lin model is due overestimation of path reduction [5] , [9]. The significance of Figure 5 and Table V can be demonstrated as follows: The ITU-R specifies the availability of 99.99% (i.e, 0.01 % of the time in an average year) for commercial operators.…”

Section: B Experimental Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Silva Mello et al [9] identified the extrapolation procedure adopted in the older versions of the ITU-R model (ITU-R P.530-13 inclusive) as the major limitation of the prediction method. They therefore proposed the method of using the full rainfall rate distribution is introduced as input for predicting the rain attenuation cumulative distribution (CD), and is given by [11]:…”

Section: B Revised Silva Mello's Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1. Rain rate distribution [6], [9]. This results in higher equivalent path length compared to the physical path length.…”

Section: B Experimental Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An overview of Lin model [7], revised Moupfouma model [8], revised Silva Mello model [9] and the newly released ITU-R model [10] is briefly presented in the following subsections.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Statistical Evaluation of Measured Rain Attenuation in Tropical Climate and Comparison with Prediction Models

Yusuf

Falade

Olufeagba

et al. 2016

J. Microw. Optoelectron. Electromagn. Appl.

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Abstract-Substantial modifications have been made to the expressions for calculating distance factor and extrapolation techniques in the latest ITU-R P.530-14. However, its performance has not been rigorously evaluated in the tropical and equatorial climates. In this article, the new ITU-R method and three prediction models are validated using measurement data from tropical Malaysian climate. The data were collected on six geographically spread terrestrial microwave DIGI MINI-LINKs operating at 15 GHz. When tested against measurements, the Da Silva Mello model yields a significant improvement for the prediction of rain attenuation distributions. The prediction errors observed in the ITU-R model suggest the need for more data campaign in the afore-mentioned climates. I. INTRODUCTIONTraditionally frequencies above 10 GHz are commonly employed in the current microwave point-topoint networks, due to large bandwidth and freedom from traffic congestion. However, in these frequency bands, the performance of the fixed service (FS) is predominantly controlled by rain in 2012; however, its performance has not been largely evaluated using data collected from tropical climates. Therefore, the main aim of this article is to evaluate the performance of the newly released ITU-R model and the three afore-mentioned models, using measurement data from six locations in a tropical climate. The data used are the rain rate and rain attenuation data banks available from six geographically spread terrestrial microwave DIGI MINI-LINKs operating at 15 GHz as described in[13]. It should be mentioned here that the ITU-R P.530-14 was not yet in force when our previous works were reported. II. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF RAIN ATTENUATION PREDICTION MODELSRain attenuation can be conveniently defined as the product of specific attenuation (dB/km) corresponding to the point rain rate (typically measured at one end of the link) and the effective propagation path length (km) [1]. The path correction factor is defined as the ratio of effective path length to the physical path length of a microwave link, and its value is usually less than unity, except in rear cases [14].The concept of effective path length is thus a way of 'averaging out' the spatial inhomegeneity of rain rate and thus specific attenuation [15]. Note that the degree of spatial inhomogeneity in rain rate generally varies with rainfall intensity. Therefore the variation of path length reduction factor can be expressed as a function of rain rate or the corresponding time exceedance [16].Attenuation p A exceeded at p % of time can either be obtained from direct measurements, or predicted from the knowledge of long-term rainfall rate. Generally, the required inputs in most attenuation prediction models for terrestrial point-to-point microwave links are the rainfall rate exceeded at p % of time, the effective propagation path length and the link's operating frequency [7], [16]. Thus p

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Terrestrial Microwave Communications

Smith

2003

Wiley Encyclopedia of Telecommunications

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This section on terrestrial microwave communications begins by considering free‐space propagation and the effects of terrain, atmosphere, and precipitation on propagation. Multipath fading due to ground reflection or atmospheric refraction is described with a statistical model. Diversity and adaptive equalization are shown to mitigate the effects of multipath fading on digital radio performance. Frequency allocations and planning are discussed, including the effects of interference. Components of a digital radio system are detailed, including the transmitter, receiver, antennas, diversity combiner, and adaptive combiner. Procedures are then described for calculating link performance or determining design parameters.

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11-GHz Radio: Nationwide Long-Term Rain Rate Statistics and Empirical Calculation of 11-GHz Microwave Rain Attenuation

Cited by 67 publications

References 21 publications

Improvements in fixed point-to-point microwave radio path design

Improvements in fixed point-to-point microwave radio path design

Statistical Evaluation of Measured Rain Attenuation in Tropical Climate and Comparison with Prediction Models

Terrestrial Microwave Communications

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