11.5 A 512-Pixel 3kHz-Frame-Rate Dual-Shank Lensless Filterless Single-Photon-Avalanche-Diode CMOS Neural Imaging Probe

Lee, Changhyuk; Taal, Adriaan J.; Choi, Jaebin; Kim, Kukjoo; Tien, Kevin; Moreaux, Laurent; Roukes, M. L.; Shepard, Kenneth L.

doi:10.1109/isscc.2019.8662408

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…It could localize the fluorescent objects beyond conventional systems depth with a minimal tissue displacement. The other approach was an implantable lens-less, shank-based image sensor array and optical-filter-less allowing cellular-resolution recording at the arbitrary depths along with excitation which is provided by an outer laser light source [154].…”

Section: Soft Probes Integrating Electrodes and µ-Ledsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid electrical and optical neural interfaces

Ramezani¹,

Seo²,

Fang³

2021

J. Micromech. Microeng.

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Neural interfaces bridge the nervous system and the outside world by recording and stimulating neurons. Combining electrical and optical modalities in a single, hybrid neural interface system could lead to complementary and powerful new ways to explore the brain. This convergent approach has gained robust and exciting momentum recently in neuroscience and neural engineering research. Here, we review developments in the past several years aiming to achieve such hybrid electrical and optical microsystem platforms. Specifically, we cover three major categories of technological advances: transparent neuroelectrodes, optical neural fibers with electrodes, and neural probes/grids integrating electrodes and microscale light-emitting diodes. We analyze examples of these probes tailored to combine electrophysiological recording with optical imaging or optical stimulation of the brain and discuss possible directions of future innovation.

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Section: Soft Probes Integrating Electrodes and µ-Ledsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid electrical and optical neural interfaces

Ramezani¹,

Seo²,

Fang³

2021

J. Micromech. Microeng.

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“…Concurrent with our development of integrated photonics for E-pixel arrays, we have also designed and fabricated CMOS photon-counting imaging arrays with the form factor of an implantable shank. These permit fluorescence imaging deep within brain tissue (Figure 9) (Choi et al, 2020;Choi et al, 2019;Lee et al, 2019). In one of our recent prototypes, a Dpixel array consists of 512 single photon avalanche diodes (SPAD) aligned in a linear configuration spanning the length of the shank.…”

Section: Active D-pixel Arrays: Spadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 512-pixel SPAD array is fabricated with a 6.3% fill factor, and a pixel pitch of 25.3 um along the length of the shank (Choi et al, 2020;Choi et al, 2019;Lee et al, 2019). Each Dpixel provides a photon detection probability (PDP) larger than 10% in the visible fluorescent spectral band of most biomarkers (500-600 nm), with a median dark count rate of 40 counts per second (cps) at room temperature.…”

Section: Active D-pixel Arrays: Spadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The FPGA then links to a computer through a USB-3 link that displays a realtime representation of photon counts in 3D volume (Choi et al, 2019). To illustrate the speed of our D-pixel imagers, we have recently demonstrated nanosecond-scale fluorescence imaging a standard fluorophore with one of these shanks (Choi et al, 2019;Lee et al, 2019). Accordingly, tracking the fastest of today's voltage reporters is assured.…”

Section: Active D-pixel Arrays: Spadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated Neurophotonics: Toward Dense Volumetric Interrogation of Brain Circuit Activity—at Depth and in Real Time

Moreaux

Yatsenko

Sacher

et al. 2020

Neuron

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Toward implantable devices for angle-sensitive, lens-less, multifluorescent, single-photon lifetime imaging in the brain using Fabry–Perot and absorptive color filters

et al. 2022

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Implantable image sensors have the potential to revolutionize neuroscience. Due to their small form factor requirements; however, conventional filters and optics cannot be implemented. These limitations obstruct high-resolution imaging of large neural densities. Recent advances in angle-sensitive image sensors and single-photon avalanche diodes have provided a path toward ultrathin lens-less fluorescence imaging, enabling plenoptic sensing by extending sensing capabilities to include photon arrival time and incident angle, thereby providing the opportunity for separability of fluorescence point sources within the context of light-field microscopy (LFM). However, the addition of spectral sensitivity to angle-sensitive LFM reduces imager resolution because each wavelength requires a separate pixel subset. Here, we present a 1024-pixel, 50 µm thick implantable shank-based neural imager with color-filter-grating-based angle-sensitive pixels. This angular-spectral sensitive front end combines a metal–insulator–metal (MIM) Fabry–Perot color filter and diffractive optics to produce the measurement of orthogonal light-field information from two distinct colors within a single photodetector. The result is the ability to add independent color sensing to LFM while doubling the effective pixel density. The implantable imager combines angular-spectral and temporal information to demix and localize multispectral fluorescent targets. In this initial prototype, this is demonstrated with 45 μm diameter fluorescently labeled beads in scattering medium. Fluorescent lifetime imaging is exploited to further aid source separation, in addition to detecting pH through lifetime changes in fluorescent dyes. While these initial fluorescent targets are considerably brighter than fluorescently labeled neurons, further improvements will allow the application of these techniques to in-vivo multifluorescent structural and functional neural imaging.

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11.5 A 512-Pixel 3kHz-Frame-Rate Dual-Shank Lensless Filterless Single-Photon-Avalanche-Diode CMOS Neural Imaging Probe

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

Hybrid electrical and optical neural interfaces

Hybrid electrical and optical neural interfaces

Integrated Neurophotonics: Toward Dense Volumetric Interrogation of Brain Circuit Activity—at Depth and in Real Time

Toward implantable devices for angle-sensitive, lens-less, multifluorescent, single-photon lifetime imaging in the brain using Fabry–Perot and absorptive color filters

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