100 GHz Plasmonic Photodetector

Salamin, Yannick; Ma, Ping; Baeuerle, Benedikt; Emboras, Alexandros; Fedoryshyn, Yuriy; Heni, Wolfgang; Cheng, Bojun; Josten, Arne; Leuthold, Juerg

doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.8b00525

Cited by 163 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Combining these results, a 50 GHz bandwidth has been obtained at a reverse bias voltage of 2 V for a Ge width of 0.3 μm and at 3 V for a Ge width of 0.5 μm [22]. To enhance the electric field in the Ge, the metal-semiconductor-metal (MIM) plasmonic waveguide has been proposed where the electric field is highly enhanced in the slot between the two metals [24]. Compared with other SPP waveguide arrangements, the MIM fundamental mode does not exhibit a cut-off, even for very small thicknesses of semiconductor layer.…”

Section: Germanium Photodetectorsmentioning

confidence: 91%

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High-bandwidth and high-responsivity waveguide-integrated plasmonic germanium photodetector

Gosciniak

Rasras

2019

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B

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Here we propose a waveguide-integrated germanium plasmonic photodetector that is based on a long-range dielectric-loaded surface plasmon polariton waveguide configuration. As this configuration ensures a long propagation distance, i.e., small absorption into metal, and a good mode field confinement, i.e., high interaction of the electric field with a germanium material, it is perfect for a realization of plasmonic germanium photodetectors. Such a photodetector even without optimization provides a responsivity exceeding 1 A/W for both wavelengths of 1310 nm and 1550 nm. To achieve such a responsivity, only a 5 μm-long waveguide is required for 1310 nm and 30 μm-long for 1550 nm. With optimization this value can be highly improved. In the proposed arrangement a metal stripe simultaneously supports a propagating mode and serves as one of the electrodes, while the second electrode is located a short distance from the waveguide. As a propagating mode is tightly confined to the germanium ridge, the external electrode can be placed very close to the waveguide without disturbing it. As such, the distance between electrodes can be smaller than 350 nm which allows one to achieve a bandwidth exceeding 100 GHz. However, as most of the carriers are generated inside a distance of 100 nm from a stripe, a bandwidth exceeding 150 GHz can be achieved for a bias voltage of -4 V.

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Section: Germanium Photodetectorsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…However, to achieve even such results, a very large voltage exceeding 10 V is required. As the MIM field is confined in a narrow Ge region, 100-200 nm, short drift paths for photogenerated carriers are achieved, producing a high speed photoresponse exceeding 100 GHz [24].…”

Section: Germanium Photodetectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-bandwidth and high-responsivity waveguide-integrated plasmonic germanium photodetector

Gosciniak

Rasras

2019

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B

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Section: Mechanism Of Plasmonic‐assisted Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salamin et al reported the 3D amorphous germaniumbased first high-speed plasmonic photodetector as shown in Figure 21a. [126] They observed the phenomena in which the premier speed was conceivable due to the variation of the wavelength of optical energy in the photodetection-based plasmonic-germanium waveguide detector. An amalgamation of plasmonic-based design with engrossing semiconductors allows the effective and uppermost-speed photodetection.…”

Section: Light Sensing (Photodetectors) Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Plasmonic‐Assisted Photocatalysis and Optoelectronic Devices with Noble Metal Nanocrystals: Design, Synthesis, and Applications

Zada

Muhammad

Ahmad

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

198

134

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The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of noble metals is known to improve the efficiency of various processes and devices. The photocatalytic process is the production of fuels and storage of solar photons in chemical bonds without imposing harmful threats to the environment. Photovoltaics are other devices utilizing solar energy for electrical energy. Similarly, other optoelectronic devices like photodetectors absorb photons and convert it into charges via electron–hole dissociation processes. In contrast, light‐emitting optoelectronic devices work based on the phenomenon of charge recombination to produce light. All these devices, however, have efficiency limitations, which impede the application of novel functional materials in these devices. A more direct approach is the utilization of noble metals and their complexes, which significantly enhance the efficiencies of these devices by SPR. This article highlights recent works and applications of noble metals by SPR‐enhanced photocatalysis for hydrogen evolution from water, CO2 conversion into useful compounds, and oxidation of hazardous pollutants. In addition, the plasmon‐enhancement of optoelectronic devices is summarized. Several possible mechanisms that have been previously reported in the literature are discussed in this work, with particular emphasis on different features of these mechanisms involving devices that are not highlighted and therefore need more attention.

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MoS₂/Paper Decorated with Metal Nanoparticles (Au, Pt, and Pd) Based Plasmonic‐Enhanced Broadband (Visible‐NIR) Flexible Photodetectors

Selamneni

Raghavan

Hazra

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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development of flexible electronics, especially in the biomedical field, which has led to an exploration of flexible substrate photodetectors. [7,8] These devices are far more compact and cost-effective compared to the conventional bulk substrate devices and reduce the expenditure on material as well as fabrication. [9] Still, several issues need to be addressed. [10] Some of the issues are surface roughness, thermal stability, and cleanroom compatibility. Almost all of the flexible substrates utilized (polymers, paper, textile, etc.) have a rough surface which not only affects the charge carrier mobility but also increases the recombination rate. Further, the rise time is also affected which affects the gain of the photodetector. The second is thermal stability, that is, most of the flexible substrates cannot withstand high temperatures, and hence performing high-temperature processes is not possible which restricts limited fabrication methodologies. [11] Last, the flexible substrates are not cleanroom compatible and novel methodologies need to be developed for integrating novel functional nanomaterials onto the flexible substrates. Novel functional materials ranging from 0D to 2D, and hybrids (0D-1D, 0D-2D, and 1D-2D) based on these materials have been explored for this purpose. [12-15] Piezotronics is another means to improve the responsivity upon application of external strain which modulates the depletion region width and increases the electric field and thereby the responsivity. But the issue with piezotronics is that, the application of strain leads to permanent damage in the device, thereby decreasing the reliability of the photodetector. Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is another means of increasing the absorption, and hence the responsivity and speed, and is a widely researched domain for conventional rigid substrate devices with the decoration of noble nanoparticles (NPs). [16-19] However, reports on the use of metal NPs for high-performance flexible devices using LPSR are few. Moreover, the reports on the comparative performance of different NPs also remain limited. Hence, there is a need to explore Plasmonic enhancement in flexible substrate devices. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are a popular class of 2D materials because of their outstanding optical and mechanical properties and tunable bandgap. [20] Of these, MoS 2 is of special interest due to its superior electrical properties, high Even though there are reports on flexible photodetectors, one of the main issues that still needs to be resolved is the lower values of responsivity arising due to the use of non-conventional substrates such as polymers, cellulose paper, etc. There are ways to improve the responsivity, such as piezotronics and surface plasmonic resonance, but studies on utilizing the same for flexible substrates remain limited. Further, the comparative performance of different nanoparticles (NPs) remains unexplored. This report demonstrates the fabrication of flexible visible/near-infrared (NIR) photodetectors by...

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100 GHz Plasmonic Photodetector

Cited by 163 publications

References 43 publications

High-bandwidth and high-responsivity waveguide-integrated plasmonic germanium photodetector

High-bandwidth and high-responsivity waveguide-integrated plasmonic germanium photodetector

Surface Plasmonic‐Assisted Photocatalysis and Optoelectronic Devices with Noble Metal Nanocrystals: Design, Synthesis, and Applications

MoS₂/Paper Decorated with Metal Nanoparticles (Au, Pt, and Pd) Based Plasmonic‐Enhanced Broadband (Visible‐NIR) Flexible Photodetectors

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100 GHz Plasmonic Photodetector

Cited by 163 publications

References 43 publications

High-bandwidth and high-responsivity waveguide-integrated plasmonic germanium photodetector

High-bandwidth and high-responsivity waveguide-integrated plasmonic germanium photodetector

Surface Plasmonic‐Assisted Photocatalysis and Optoelectronic Devices with Noble Metal Nanocrystals: Design, Synthesis, and Applications

MoS2/Paper Decorated with Metal Nanoparticles (Au, Pt, and Pd) Based Plasmonic‐Enhanced Broadband (Visible‐NIR) Flexible Photodetectors

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Product

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About

MoS₂/Paper Decorated with Metal Nanoparticles (Au, Pt, and Pd) Based Plasmonic‐Enhanced Broadband (Visible‐NIR) Flexible Photodetectors