The development of a mechanical device to stretch skeletal muscle of young and old rats

Zotz, Talita Gianello Gnoato; Zotz, Rafael; Guimarães, Ana Tereza Bittencourt; Goossen, Eduard; Gomes, Anna Raquel Silveira

doi:10.6061/clinics/2019/e629

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Stretching protocol: For mechanical passive static stretching of the left soleus muscle, the rat was weighed (Mettler/Toledo scales, Curitiba, Paraná), and anaesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg ketamine and 5 mg/kg xylazine. Then, the rat was positioned on the stretching apparatus (Zotz et al, 2019) with the tibiotarsal joint in maximum dorsal flexion to stretch the soleus muscle. The stretching protocol consisted of a set of 4 repetitions of 1 minute each with a 30 s interval between each repetition.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Chronic Stretching on Soleus Muscle of Wistar Female Rats

et al. 2020

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the chronic effects of stretching exercise on soleus muscle histomorphology and histomorphometry of young and aged rats. Thirty-eight female rats were divided into young control group (YCG, n=10;274±50 g); young stretching group (YSG, n=8;274±12 g); aged control group (ACG, n=10;335±39 g); and aged stretching group (ASG, n=10;321±32g). A mechanical apparatus was used to stretch muscle in 4 repetitions, 60 s each, 30 s interval between repetitions in each session, 3 times a week for 3 weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last stretching session, soleus muscle was removed for micromorphology and immunostaining analysis. Data analyses were performed with one-way ANOVA, post-hoc Tukey, or Kruskal-Wallis tests for parametric and nonparametric, respectively (p≤0.05). Muscle fiber cross-sectional area (MFCSA) of ACG was lower (18 %) compared to the YCG. Stretching increased MFCSA comparing YSG to YCG (5,681.15± 1,943.61 µm 2 vs 5,119.84±1,857.73 µm 2 , p=0.00), but decreased comparing ASG to ACG (3,919.54± 1,694.65 µm 2 vs 4,172.82±1,446.08 µm 2 , p=0.00). More serial sarcomere numbers were found in the YSG than YCG (12,062.91±1,564.68 vs 10,070.39±1,072.38, p=0.03). Collagen I and collagen III were higher in YSG than ASG (7.44±7.18 % vs 0.07±0.09 %, p=0.04) and (14.37 %± 9.54 % vs 5.51 %±5.52 %, p=0.00), respectively. TNF-a was greater in ASG than YSG (43.42 %±40.19 % vs 1.72 ± 2.02 %, p=0.00). Epimysium was larger in the YSG compared to YCG (201.83±132.07 % vs 181.09±147.04 %, p=0.00). After 3-week stretching the soleus muscles from aged rats were smaller than their younger counter-parts. Interestingly, while stretching appeared to positively affect young soleus muscle, the opposite was detected in the muscle of the aged rats.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Chronic Stretching on Soleus Muscle of Wistar Female Rats

et al. 2020

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“…In addition, every force transducer experiment requires experimental animal sacrifice, which makes this method unfavorable for sequential evaluation; furthermore, it is unmerciful from the animal protection point of view. Although novel functional evaluation methods for TA muscle or even the lower limbs have been reported recently (Shin et al 2008;Mintz et al 2016;Santos-Zas et al 2017;Zotz et al 2019), having well-trained personnel and needing expensive experimental apparatus are barriers. To overcome these hurdles and thus be able to assess muscle contractility easily, establishing a simple evaluation system that can also objectively and consecutively measure TA muscle strength is indispensable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toe-lift test: a novel, simple and noninvasive in vivo method for contractile evaluation of tibialis anterior muscle

Tsai¹,

Lo²,

Lin³

et al. 2022

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Tibialis anterior (TA) muscle has frequently been used for scientific experiments, particularly for muscle contractile assays, because of its anatomical advantages. However, classical evaluation methods for the TA muscle, such as EMG and force transducer, require experimental skills to acquire reliable results. Furthermore, because sacrificing experimental animals is usually indispensable for both methods, sequential observations cannot be performed. Therefore, developing a simple, objective, and animal friendly evaluation system was warranted. In this article, we introduce a novel, simple, and noninvasive in vivo evaluation method for the TA muscle called the toe-lift test (TLT), which is not only easy to perform but also capable of detecting contractile strength precisely. Because the TLT does not require experimental animal sacrifice, performing assessments over time, such as in sequential observation, is possible. This novel method represents a solution to the need for a simple, noninvasive, and effective method for TA muscle contractile evaluation.

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