A new cultural adaptation of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, a test of olfactory function that is widely used by otolaryngologists, geriatricians, and neurologists, has been translated into more than a dozen languages. In some instances, cultural and socioeconomic factors have necessitated changes in the odorant items or the response alternatives to make the test scores congruent with North American norms. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of Brazilian subjects on a new Portuguese language version of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test with their performance on an earlier Portuguese language version of the test, as well as to assess the influences of gender, age, ethnicity, and economic status on the test scores.METHODS:Based on pilot data, several response alternatives of the earlier Portuguese language version of the test were altered in an effort to improve test performance. Forty-nine healthy Brazilian volunteers, who represented several economic classes, were tested. The test scores of the study cohort who received the newer version of the test were compared with those of a group of 25 subjects who received the earlier version of the test.RESULTS:The mean score for the new version [35 (2.1)] was significantly (p = 0.002) higher than that for the earlier version [32.5 (3.5)]. Although no apparent influence of socioeconomic status was observed, the female participants outperformed the male participants in the current subject cohort.CONCLUSION:The changes made in the new cultural adaptation of the Portuguese version of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test were effective in increasing the average test scores of the participants. Overall, the female subjects outperformed the male subjects on the test.

Olfactory outcomes after endoscopic skull base surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…Final validated, objective, olfactory instruments included in the meta‐analysis included the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) and Cross‐Cultural Smell Identification Test (CCSIT). The UPSIT is a well‐validated, widely used, objective, psychophysical test of olfaction . It is sensitive to age, gender, and diseases known to affect olfaction .…”

Função olfatória e qualidade de vida após a reabilitação do olfato em laringectomizados totais

“…The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) was used to evaluate the participants' olfaction in the pre-and post-intervention periods. This test, which is considered the gold standard in olfactory assessment, is utilized worldwide (8,25) ; however, it has never been used with a population of total laryngectomees and, therefore, no previous related results are available for comparison.…”

“…After that, the patient is required to choose the option that best describes the odorant. The test scores range from 0 (worst) to 40 (best), which classifies the olfactory function as normosmia (34-40 for men; 35-40 for women), slight microsmia (30-33 for men; 31-34 for women), moderate microsmia (26-29 for men; 26-30 for women), severe microsmia (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25), anosmia (06-18) e possible cheater (00-05) (17) . This test has been validated for the Brazilian population (18) .…”

Acuidade olfatória e qualidade de vida após a laringectomia total

“…This evaluation was applied in the Brazilian population in recent studies [18][19][20] . The Portuguese adaptation of the UPSIT was validated by Fornazieri et al 21 .…”