The effects of exercise modalities on adiposity in obese rats

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of both swimming and resistance training on tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 expression, adipocyte area and lipid profiles in rats fed a high-fat diet.METHODS:The study was conducted over an eight-week period on Wistar adult rats, who were divided into six groups as follows (n = 10 per group): sedentary chow diet, sedentary high-fat diet, swimming plus chow diet, swimming plus high-fat diet, resistance training plus chow diet, and resistance training plus high-fat diet. Rats in the resistance training groups climbed a vertical ladder with weights on their tails once every three days. The swimming groups swam for 60 minutes/day, five days/week.RESULTS:The high-fat diet groups had higher body weights, a greater amount of adipose tissue, and higher tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression in the visceral adipose tissue. Furthermore, the high-fat diet promoted a negative change in the lipid profile. In the resistance training high-fat group, the tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression was lower than that in the swimming high-fat and sedentary high-fat groups. Moreover, smaller visceral and retroperitoneal adipocyte areas were found in the resistance training high-fat group than in the sedentary high-fat group. In the swimming high-fat group, the tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression was lower and the epididymal and retroperitoneal adipocyte areas were smaller compared with the sedentary high-fat group.CONCLUSION:The results showed that both exercise modalities improved the lipid profile, adiposity and obesity-associated inflammation in rats, suggesting their use as an alternative to control the deleterious effects of a high-fat diet in humans.

Acute effects of Resistance exercise performed on ladder on energy metabolism, stress, and muscle damage in rats

“…To determine glycogen, tissue samples from the liver and soleus and gastrocnemius muscles were dissolved in 10 volumes of 6N KOH in a boiling-water bath for five minutes 15 . The extract was combined with an equal volume of 10% ethanol and one volume of 10% K 2 SO 4 was added to precipitate the glycogen.…”

“…Thus, corticosterone blood levels are considered a reliable physiological index of the stress imposed by exercise 10,12 . Different animal models have been used experimentally to understand the mechanisms behind the resistance exerciseinduced benefits 13,15 . Among them, stands out the resistance exercise performed on ladder, described by Hornberger and Farrar 16 .…”

“…The authors showed this specific model mimics many of the chronic physiological adaptations observed in human progressive resistance exercise, increasing the total strength and enhancing myofibrillar protein 16 and muscular glycogen 17 . Additionally, a growing body of evidence has shown that the resistance exercise performed on ladder is also interesting to understand the effects of this exercise modality in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases, such as obesity and cardiovascular diseases 15,18,19 . However, the acute effects and metabolic characteristics of this particular exercise model have been little explored, and it is still unknown if this model mimics the acute physiological responses of the resistance exercise in humans.…”

Effects of Combinational Procyanidins in Grape Seed Extract and Exercise on the Levels of Glucose and Blood Lipid Profile

“…Furthermore, at present there is no doubt that moderate physical exercise, practised on a regular basis, since it has been demonstrated in numerous studies, provides a series of benefits for health and for the cardiovascular system, among these is a lipid lowering effect [6][7][8]. This constitutes an effective non-pharmacological measure in the treatment and in primary and secondary cardiovascular disease prevention [9], supposing a sedentary person's own inactivity to be an important factor in the development, maintenance and worsening of diverse chronic illnesses [10].…”

Mecanismos associados ao desenvolvimento das complicações do diabetes tipo 2 em camundongos fêmeas ob/ob: papel preventivo do treinamento físico dinâmico aeróbio, resistido ou combinado

“…Por exemplo, um estudo realizado em mulheres com síndrome metabólica não demonstrou nenhuma alteração em alguns marcodores inflamatórios relacionada à pratica de exercício físico resistido (PEREIRA, 2012), o que corrobora com os resultados encontrados em nosso estudo. Speretta et al (SPERETTA et al, 2012) BERTAGNOLLI et al, 2006) e também observado em estudo realizado por outros grupos (CECHELLA et al, 2014). Parise et al (PARISE et al, 2005) também observaram aumento das enzimas antioxidantes no tecido muscular (CAT e na isoforma CuZnSOD) demonstrando que o treinamento resistido pode resultar em adapatações favoráveis em relação ao estresse oxidativo.…”