Postural control in women with breast hypertrophy

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:The consequences of breast hypertrophy have been described based on the alteration of body mass distribution, leading to an impact on psychological and physical aspects. The principles of motor control suggest that breast hypertrophy can lead to sensorimotor alterations and the impairment of body balance due to postural misalignment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the postural control of women with breast hypertrophy under different sensory information conditions.METHOD:This cross-sectional study included 14 women with breast hypertrophy and 14 without breast hypertrophy, and the mean ages of the groups were 39±15 years and 39±16 years, respectively. A force platform was used to assess the sensory systems that contribute to postural control: somatosensory, visual and vestibular. Four postural conditions were sequentially tested: eyes open and fixed platform, eyes closed and fixed platform, eyes open and mobile platform, and eyes closed and mobile platform. The data were processed, and variables related to the center of pressure were analyzed for each condition. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the conditions between the groups for the area of center of pressure displacement and the velocity of center of pressure displacement in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions. The alpha level error was set at 0.05.RESULTS:Women with breast hypertrophy presented an area that was significantly higher for three out of four conditions and a higher velocity of center of pressure displacement in the anterior-posterior direction under two conditions: eyes open and mobile platform and eyes closed and mobile platform.CONCLUSIONS:Women with breast hypertrophy have altered postural control, which was demonstrated by the higher area and velocity of center of pressure displacement.

Balance Disturbances in Asthmatic Patients

“…However, the opposite is not necessarily true because a certain amount of body sway is required to provide physiological postural adjustments. An increased CoP area or velocity is viewed as a compromised postural control (24)(25)(26); however, reports with a smaller body sway area are also found, such as in panic disorder patients under anxiogenic conditions (27). According to Lopes et al (27), this decreased sway is consistent with the freezing behavior associated with the defense cascade.…”

Bust size and pain of the musculoskeletal system – a literature review

“…Changes in the posture of women with large sized breasts were noted by Barbosa et al, who examined women with breast hypertrophy compared to healthy women. According to their results, women with hypertrophy pedestrians had a changed posture [12]. Studies by Findikcioglu et al specify that there were significant statistical differences between the groups of women with bra cups A and D in terms of thoracic kyphosis and lordosis angles, and between groups of women with bra cups B and D in terms of the angle of lumbar lordosis.…”

Which biomechanical models are currently used in standing posture analysis?

“…In the same way, in many studies, the goal is to assess the consequence of a modified kinematics or kinetics condition. It would have been interesting to know how the trunk posture of children with backpack carriage was modified as an adaptation to load increase [76]; or of women with breast hypertrophy, who exhibit larger CoP displacements compared to normal breasted women [4]. In the analysis of the influence of wearing high heels, knowing how women compensate ankle hyperextension induced by 7 cm heels would be a valuable complementary inquiry to observation of increasing CoP displacement [36].…”

“…Identification is usually performed using a +Model NEUCLI-2486; No. of Pages 11 4 A. Crétual measurement process and identification is different from, albeit complementary to, modelling. It is only at this step that a marker set could be needed if the measurement device is based on video technology.…”