Headaches are a common problem in children and adolescents and are the primary cause of school absence. Primary headaches are the most common type of headaches in children (migraine, tension-type headaches, neuralgia), which may be the consequence of bruxism, a parafunction consisting in teeth clenching during sleep and when awake. The aim of this review was to determine the link between bruxism episodes and primary headaches in children. Material and methods: The material for this review were studies found independently by two authors in the PubMed, ResearchGate and Google Scholar academic research databases. In order to identify suitable papers the search was conducted using the combination of the following keywords: "bruxism," "children," "headache" (according to Medical Subject Headings). Two studies were included in this review. Results: Children with diagnosed episodes of bruxism had a higher risk of primary headache. Sleep bruxism was more frequently diagnosed in children who had episodes of migraine. However, according to the assessment criteria adopted in this review, the results of the analysed studies were rated as "moderate value of evidence. " Conclusions: Considering the value of evidence and the size of study groups in the analysed research projects, a link between bruxism and primary headaches in children cannot be confirmed. Further research is necessary regarding the relationship between bruxism and primary headaches in children.
Objectives. It is generally accepted that large breast sizes among women contribute to the development of back pain and poor posture. The aim of our research was to determine if the hypothesis that the size of the breasts has an impact on the pain of the musculoskeletal system in women, can be confirmed or denied on the basis of available literature. Material and methods. A systematic review based on the contents of the PubMed database, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases was performed. In order to identify relevant publications, a search using a combination of key words "breast size", "spine pain" and "musculoskeletal pain"(according to Medical Subject Headings-MeSH) was performed. Four studies have been included in our review. Results. The correlation between breast size and pain is confirmed by three studies. One study stands in opposition to the others. Considering the value of evidence and results in peer-reviewed publications, we conclude that there is considerable evidence to support the hypothesis that the size of the breasts affects the painfulness of the musculoskeletal system. Conclusions. Due to the small amount of available literature, we find that studies on the impact of bust size on pain of the musculoskeletal system should be continued on a larger scale. Based on the above review, we conclude that there is considerable evidence to support the hypothesis that the size of the breasts affects the painfulness of the musculoskeletal system.
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