Risk Factors Associated with High Blood Pressure in Two- to Five-Year-Old Children

Abstract

BackgroundOver recent decades, the prevalence of high blood pressure (BP) has increased among children. Several risk factors are involved in the genesis of high BP during childhood, and their early identification can prevent the development of that disease. ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of high BP and associated factors in children. MethodsCross-sectional, population-based study, carried out at the household. This study included 276 two- to five-year-old children in the city of Goiânia, state of Goiás, and assessed their BP, sociodemographic characteristics, birth weight, high BP family history, passive smoking, maternal breastfeeding, dietary habits, sedentary lifestyle and nutritional status. Poisson regression was used to assess the association between risk factors and high BP. ResultsTheir mean age was 3.1 ± 0.79 years, and high BP and overweight were observed in 19.9% and 11.2% of the children, respectively. Direct association of high BP was identified with age [prevalence ratio (PR) = 2.3; 95%CI: 1.2 - 4.8; p = 0.017] and overweight (PR = 2.0; 95%CI: 1.2 - 3.6; p = 0.014). No other variable associated with high BP. ConclusionsThe prevalence of high BP in children was high. Overweight and younger children had greater prevalence of high BP.

Understanding the Power of Perinatal Events and Metabolic Status in Childhood

“…in Brazil, Crispim et al 7 reported findings similar to those of Lurbe et al, 2 but their study was not prospective. Other issues of interest in the authors' study cohort include the rather high rates of obesity at age 5 years.…”

Sedentary behavior in Brazilian children and adolescents: a systematic review

“…In total, we observed 38 separate samples in the 49 articles that composed the synthesis, since some of them assessed the same samples (the states of Santa Catarina 63 , 64 and Pernambuco 68 , 69 and the cities: Joao Pessoa 61 , 62 , Maringa 13 - 16 , Pelotas 20 - 22 , 24 , and Presidente Prudente 29 - 31 ). The samples ranged between 276 12 and 109,104 56 participants, with a higher percentage of girls in 23 of them (60.5%). Despite the distinction between the number of articles included in the synthesis and the total number of samples found, we based all analyses of this review on the set of 49 included articles, respecting its descriptive character.…”

“… Reference Type Selection Cut-off points Assessment tool Regression model/ Effect measure Alves et al 2 (2012) CS ran Screen > 3.3h/week QDS a ,b Poisson/PR Balaban et al 4 (2010) CC conv TV > 5h/d QDS c,d Logistic/OR Beck et al 5 (2014) CS ran Screen h/week QDS d Linear/Coef. Camelo et al 7 (2012) CS ran TV > 2h/d 2008 PeNSE Logistic/OR Campagnolo et al 8 (2008) CS ran TV > 2h/d 7-Day Recall d Poisson/PR Costa et al 11 (2011) CS ran Screen > 2h/d QDS Poisson/PR Crispim et al 12 (2013) …”

Association of Husband Smoking With Wife's Hypertension Status in Over 5 Million Chinese Females Aged 20 to 49 Years

“…After conducting a systematic review, 13 studies were conducted to investigate the association of passive smoking with hypertension or BP. [18][19][20][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Among these, 4 examined the association among infants or adolescents [27][28][29]32 and 2 were conducted in pregnant women. 26,31 Another 7 studies conducted in general adults were limited by passive smoking assessment accuracy or small sample size, and none of them assessed the influence of husband smoking on hypertension or BP of their wives.…”