Bone marrow necrosis: literature review

Abstract

The history of muscle biopsy dates back to 1860, when Duchenne first performed a biopsy on a patient with symptoms of myopathy (1) . Since then, the basic and clinical science of muscle and muscle disease has gone through three stages of development: the classical period, the modern stage and the molecular era.

Bone Marrow Necrosis in a Child With Sepsis-Induced Macrophage Activation Syndrome

“…BMN is defined as necrosis of myeloid tissue and stroma in > 50% of parenchyma without cortical bone involvement. BMN is considered to be caused by cellular hypoxia, endothelial and vascular injury, endotoxins, cytokines, and oxygen free radicals [1]. Both MAS and BMN are associated with poor prognosis [1,3].…”

“…BMN is considered to be caused by cellular hypoxia, endothelial and vascular injury, endotoxins, cytokines, and oxygen free radicals [1]. Both MAS and BMN are associated with poor prognosis [1,3]. With uncontrolled hyperinflammation associated with sepsis, it appears logical for MAS to progress on to BMN.…”

“…Sepsis-induced BMN is extremely rare; a handful of cases have been reported. Gram-negative (E. coli, Salmonella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii, Bacteroides fragilis) and Gram-positive (Streptococcus, Staphylococcus) bacteria, Coxiella burnetii, tuberculosis, mucormycosis and parvovirus have been reported to cause BMN in otherwise normal patients [1,4]. However, literature search revealed only one adult patient in whom defining features of MAS could be demonstrated including hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow [4].…”

“…BMN is usually rapidly fatal. In some, prolonged injury and suboptimal tissue recovery may result in bone marrow fibrosis [1]. Among survivors, necrotic cells get cleared by phagocytosis followed by replenishment of normal bone marrow tissue.…”

“…Bone marrow necrosis (BMN) is a rare condition, and most commonly described with hematological malignancies [1]. Isolated infections are rarely reported to cause BMN.…”