Chemical Profiling of Cocaine Seized by Brazilian Federal Police in 2009-2012: Major Components

Illicit Drugs, Metabolites and Adulterants in Wastewater: Monitoring Community Drug Abuse in the Brazilian Federal District during the 2014 Soccer World Cup

“…The findings of the Brazilian Federal Police chemical profiling program (PeQui project) showed that in the Federal District phenacetin is the main adulterant in crack/free base cocaine, while levamisole is mainly found in cocaine hydrochloride, both on the streets as well as in international trafficking cocaine seizures. 13,14,25,33 Since both adulterants do not have significant legal use in Brazil, the detection in wastewater could be mainly related to the cocaine use, providing additional indicators about different forms of use (e.g. snorted versus smoked).…”

“…6,12 Our group also has access to data from the Brazilian Federal Police chemical profiling program based on the quantification of coca alkaloids and pharmaceuticals used as adulterants such as caffeine, lidocaine, levamisole and phenacetin, in seized cocaine samples. 13,14 Due to the near real-time characteristics of the WBDE approach, consumption estimates can be assessed in order to identify drug use variations according to different seasons, [15][16][17] days of a week, 16 and even recreational events. 18 Gerrity et al 19 investigated temporal variability associated with the 2009 National Football League's Super Bowl, a significant weekend for tourism in the event area, given the potential for unusual flow patterns and mass loadings of pharmaceuticals, personal care products and illicit drugs.…”

First systematic chemical profiling of cocaine police seizures in Finland in the framework of an intelligence-led approach

“…Around the world several institutions have implemented and promoted profiling programs to provide relevant information for authorities involved in issues related to illicit drugs (e.g. prevention, monitoring, control strategies) [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. In this research, the implementation of a chemical profiling methodology at NBI was specifically studied.…”

Development of an electroanalytical method for the quantification of aminopyrine in seized cocaine samples

“…We tested the interference of lidocaine, benzocaine, procaine, phenacetin, and caffeine in the presence of aminopyrine. All of these compounds are well-known adulterants of drugs of abuse like cocaine [10][11][12][13]17]. All possible interferences were evaluated in the concentration of 0.5 mmol L − 1 and aminopyrine 0.25 mmol L −1 , and none of these compounds caused variations in the aminopyrine current response greater than 2.5% when using a potential of 0.4 V. Upon obtaining good selectivity of the sensor for aminopyrine, we evaluated the accuracy of the sensor with the addition and recovery test in seized cocaine samples.…”

“…To characterize the samples of seized cocaine, first we assessed, qualitatively and quantitatively, the presence of adulterants in the samples obtained from the Criminalistics Institute of São Paulo using gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) according to the procedure reported in the literature [17] in collaboration with the Brazilian National Institute of Criminalistics. The values obtained will be reported in the Results and discussion section.…”