Development of an electroanalytical method for the quantification of aminopyrine in seized cocaine samples

Araújo, Wanderley Pereira de; Maldaner, Adriano O.; Costa, José Luiz; Paixão, Thiago R.L.C.

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2015.03.012

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Además, producto de su metabolismo genera nitrosaminas, conocidas por su poder carcinogénico. Esto ha derivado en el retiro del arsenal terapéutico de muchos países (33). La adición de aminopirina a la cocaína base aún no está bien definida, sin embargo se corresponden en gran medida con los efectos que provoca la fenacetina en la mezcla (29).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Cocaina base en Chile, 10 años de análisis

Ayala

Chicahual

Duffau

et al. 2019

Rev. Inst. Salud Pública Chile

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La cocaína es una sustancia que produce graves complicaciones para la salud, e incluso puede causar la muerte en personas aparentemente sanas, además, es comercializada de forma adulterada por lo que aumenta su potencial adictivo y tóxico, convirtiéndola en uno de los problemas sanitarios más graves en el mundo occidental en el campo de las toxicomanías. Es por esta razón, la necesidad de contar con datos que permitan observar el comportamiento de la cocaína base durante un extenso período de tiempo, fijándonos en su concentración, adulterantes y diluyentes utilizados, como también una descripción según distribución regional de Chile continental. El objetivo fue evaluar la concentración de cocaína base, la frecuencia de adulteración y su distribución territorial en Chile en un período de 10 años, desde el 2006 hasta el 2016. El universo fue de 131.830 muestras confirmadas con cocaína base. La caracterización y cuantificación de las muestras se realizó con metodologías validadas y recomendadas por las Naciones Unidas mediante GC-FID, GC-MS, HPTLC, TLC y FTIR –ATR. El 52,3% (68.976/131.830) del total de muestras se cuantificó, de éstas, la concentración promedio de cocaína base a través de los años fue de 41,3%. Se observó que las regiones del norte de Chile presentan las más altas concentraciones de cocaína base, en contraposición de las regiones del sur. Por otra parte, de la totalidad de muestras analizadas en el periodo el 40,4% (53.258) presentaba adulteración y/o dilución. Dentro de los diluyentes, destaca la presencia de carbonatos (98,5%), mientras que dentro del grupo de adulterantes se observa que predominan fenacetina (55,2%) y cafeína (36,1%), continuando con el grupo de anestésicos lidocaína (3,7%), benzocaína (2,6%) y procaína (1,4%).

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Cocaina base en Chile, 10 años de análisis

Ayala

Chicahual

Duffau

et al. 2019

Rev. Inst. Salud Pública Chile

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“…[29][30][31][32] Recently, the use of different electrochemical methods for the detection of cocaine and its adulterants have been reported. 13,36,37 In order to obtain the required level of specificity and sensitivity, the most common approach has been to utilise modified electrodes. 38 This has included using cytochrome 39 P450, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) 40 , -cyclodextrin incorporated in polyaniline films with CNTs 41 , Schiff base films 42 , carbon paste electrodes modified with methoxy-substituted N-N'ethylenebis(salcylideneiminato)uranyl(VI) complexes and Pt disk electrodes modified with cobal thexacyanoferrate films.…”

Section: Chemical Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of electrochemical sensors: Forensic drug analysis

Shaw

Dennany

2017

Current Opinion in Electrochemistry

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Electrochemical based sensors are a powerful analytical tool which can be exploited by the forensic community particularly for the analysis of illicit substances from street and biological samples. This report presents a brief overview on selected recent publications related to the application of electrochemical sensors to forensic drug analysis and gives opinions on the technical developments as well as the future applications in this field.

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“…Electroanalitycal chemistry presents several methods for analysis of MDMA, cocaine, Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 -THC), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), N-benzylsubstituted phenethylamines (NBOMe), and other drugs [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MDMA electrochemical determination in aqueous media containing illicit drugs and validation of a voltammetric methodology

Katayama¹,

Oiye²,

Ribeiro³

et al. 2020

Drug Anal. Res.

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MDMA is the abbreviation for 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, which is commonly found in “ecstasy” pills. The psychoactive and euphoric effects that MDMA causes make this substance an illicit drug that is constantly seized by police forces. We describe a low-cost and fast voltammetric methodology that requires a carbon paste electrode (working electrode) in aqueous solution containing 0.1 mol L-1 LiClO4 as the supporting electrolyte. We conducted cyclic and square wave voltammetry and obtained limits of detection of 0.33 μg mL-1 and 0.36 μg mL-1, respectively, as others figures of merit for a complete validation. It includes the analysis main interfering substances, and results for seized samples were compared to those obtained by chromatography, which were close. An extended study of robustness were carried out by Youden’s test, that is inedited to electrochemical techniques when applied to forensic analysis. This test contributes to complete methodology validation and study of electrode cost and efficiency during electrochemical measurements involving a carbon paste electrode. In the end, this work presents a full validated methodology able to be applied in forensic laboratories.

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Development of an electroanalytical method for the quantification of aminopyrine in seized cocaine samples

Cited by 17 publications

References 22 publications

Cocaina base en Chile, 10 años de análisis

Cocaina base en Chile, 10 años de análisis

Applications of electrochemical sensors: Forensic drug analysis

MDMA electrochemical determination in aqueous media containing illicit drugs and validation of a voltammetric methodology

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