Effects of physical training and potassium supplementation on blood pressure, glucose metabolism and albuminuria of spontaneously hypertensive rats

Jodas, Evelyn Manuella Martins Gomes; Voltera, Aline Francisco; Ginoza, Milton; Kohlmann, Osvaldo; Santos, Nelson Brancaccio dos; Cesaretti, Mário Luís Ribeiro

doi:10.5935/0101-2800.20140040

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Phosphorus-free mineral mix (AIN-93G mix without phosphorus) and potassium phosphate from Dyets Inc. were used to modify the phosphorus content of the diet. Potassium phosphate was used because the addition of potassium does not affect growth ( 24 , 25 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus Supplementation Mitigated Food Intake and Growth of Rats Fed a Low-Protein Diet

Hammoud

Jabbour

Tawil

et al. 2017

Current Developments in Nutrition

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Background: Low protein intake is associated with various negative health outcomes at any life stage. When diets do not contain sufficient protein, phosphorus availability is compromised because proteins are the major sources of phosphorus. However, whether mineral phosphorus supplementation mitigates this problem is unknown, to our knowledge. Objective: Our goal was to determine the impact of dietary phosphorus supplementation on food intake, weight gain, energy efficiency, body composition, blood metabolites, and liver histology in rats fed a low-protein diet for 9 wk. Methods: Forty-nine 6-wk-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to 5 groups and consumed 5 isocaloric diets ad libitum that varied only in protein (egg white) and phosphorus concentrations for 9 wk. The control group received a 20% protein diet with 0.3% P (NP-0.3P). The 4 other groups were fed a low-protein (10%) diet with a phosphorus concentration of 0.015%, 0.056%, 0.1%, or 0.3% (LP-0.3P). The rats' weight, body and liver composition, and plasma biomarkers were then assessed. Results: The addition of phosphorus to the low-protein diet significantly increased food intake, weight gain, and energy efficiency, which were similar among the groups that received 0.3% P (LP-0.3P and NP-0.3P) regardless of dietary protein content. In addition, phosphorus supplementation of low-protein diets reduced plasma urea nitrogen and increased total body protein content (defatted). Changes in food intake and efficiency, body weight and composition, and plasma urea concentration were highly pronounced at a dietary phosphorus content <0.1%, which may represent a critical threshold. Conclusions: The addition of phosphorus to low-protein diets improved growth measures in rats, mainly as a result of enhanced energy efficiency. A dietary phosphorus concentration of 0.3% mitigated detrimental effects of low-protein diets on growth parameters.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus Supplementation Mitigated Food Intake and Growth of Rats Fed a Low-Protein Diet

Hammoud

Jabbour

Tawil

et al. 2017

Current Developments in Nutrition

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“…Researchers have shown that obesity and ET exercise training presented inverse effects on glucose metabolism, hormonal levels, blood pressure, and lipid profile (Relling et al 2006;Haram et al 2009;Leopoldo et al 2010;Leopoldo et al 2011;Caponi et al 2012;Jodas et al 2014;Lima-Leopoldo et al 2014;Garcia et al 2016). While ET generates beneficial responses on metabolism as improvements in insulin sensitivity, hypertension reduction, and metabolic control (Haram et al 2009;Jodas et al 2014), obesity promotes metabolic disorders such as glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia (Relling et al 2006;Leopoldo et al 2010;Leopoldo et al 2011;Lima-Leopoldo et al 2011) in rodents, resemble the metabolic syndrome ascertained in humans. According Haram et al (2009), the exercise training is important to correct abnormalities in insulin action and metabolic parameters, being these advantages potentiated by increasing the intensity of activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Moderate exercise training does not prevent the reduction in myocardial L-type Ca²⁺ channels protein expression at obese rats

et al. 2017

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Authors have showed that obesity implicates cardiac dysfunction associated with myocardial L‐type calcium channels (LTCCs) activity impairments, as well as moderate exercise training (MET) seems to be an important therapeutic tool. We tested the hypothesis that MET promotes improvements on LTCCS activity and protein expression at obesity induced by unsaturated high‐fat diets, which could represent a protective effects against development of cardiovascular damage. Male Wistar rats were randomized in control (C, n = 40), which received a standard diet and obese (Ob; n = 40), which received high‐fat diet. After 20 weeks, the animals were assigned at four groups: control (C; n = 12); control submitted to exercise training (ET; n = 14); obese (Ob; n = 10); and obese submitted to exercise training (ObET; n = 11). ET (5 days/week during 12 weeks) began in the 21th week and consisted of treadmill running that was progressively increased to reach 60 min. Final body weight (FBW), body fat (BF), adiposity index (AI), comorbidities, and hormones were evaluated. Cardiac remodeling was assessed by morphological and isolated papillary muscles function. LTCCs activity was determined using specific blocker, while protein expression of LTCCs was evaluated by Western blot. Unsaturated high‐fat diet promoted obesity during all experimental protocol. MET controlled obesity process by decreasing of FBW, BF, and AI. Obesity implicated to LTCCs protein expression reduction and MET was not effective to prevent this condition. ET was efficient to promote several improvements to body composition and metabolic parameters; however, it was not able to prevent or reverse the downregulation of LTCCs protein expression at obese rats.

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“…It is well recognized that water and electrolyte homeostasis, namely the transport and excretion of sodium, potassium and chloride, were closely related to renal function (Wirz and Geigy, 1961; Gavras et al, 1976). Previous researches indicated that potassium supplementation effectively ameliorated high blood pressure and renal injury in SHR (Galdino et al, 2010; Jodas et al, 2014). The results in our present study demonstrated long-term intake of PASE increased the serum levels of K+.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extract of Plantago asiatica L. Seeds Ameliorates Hypertension in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats by Inhibition of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme

Tong

Yang

et al. 2019

Front. Pharmacol.

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Plantago asiatica L. seeds is a common folk medicine with a long history of medical use in China because of its antipyretic, diuretic, and expectorant properties. It has been applied to treat hypertension clinically due to its diuresis, however, its efficacy and mechanisms on anti-hypertension has not been reported yet to our knowledge. In this study, we investigated the antihypertensive effect and underlying mechanisms of P. asiatica L. seeds extract (PASE) in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Male SHRs were treated with 2.5 mg/kg of fosinopril (FOS) and 400 mg/kg of PASE orally per day for once or 12 weeks. SHR or Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) receiving vehicle (distilled water) was used as control. The results demonstrated systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures (SBP, DBP, and MBP) were significantly lowered after single and long-term intragastric administration of PASE. The cardiac and aortic index and collagen accumulation were improved in the PASE group compared with the SHRs group. Meanwhile, PASE treatment remarkably reduced urine total protein, the ratio of serum urea nitrogen to serum creatinine, and increased serum potassium. The levels of serum angiotensin I (Ang I), angiotensin II (Ang II), the ratio of Ang II to Ang I, and aldosterone (ALD) were lowered after treatment of PASE. Besides, PASE and its major active constituents of phenylethanoid glycosides, including isoacteoside, plantamajoside and acteoside, were found to effectively inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activation in vitro . These findings suggest that PASE has the antihypertensive effect that may involve a mechanism of ACE inhibition and simultaneously protect organ damage against hypertension.

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Effects of physical training and potassium supplementation on blood pressure, glucose metabolism and albuminuria of spontaneously hypertensive rats

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Phosphorus Supplementation Mitigated Food Intake and Growth of Rats Fed a Low-Protein Diet

Phosphorus Supplementation Mitigated Food Intake and Growth of Rats Fed a Low-Protein Diet

Moderate exercise training does not prevent the reduction in myocardial L-type Ca²⁺ channels protein expression at obese rats

Extract of Plantago asiatica L. Seeds Ameliorates Hypertension in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats by Inhibition of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme

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Effects of physical training and potassium supplementation on blood pressure, glucose metabolism and albuminuria of spontaneously hypertensive rats

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Phosphorus Supplementation Mitigated Food Intake and Growth of Rats Fed a Low-Protein Diet

Phosphorus Supplementation Mitigated Food Intake and Growth of Rats Fed a Low-Protein Diet

Moderate exercise training does not prevent the reduction in myocardial L-type Ca2+ channels protein expression at obese rats

Extract of Plantago asiatica L. Seeds Ameliorates Hypertension in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats by Inhibition of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme

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Moderate exercise training does not prevent the reduction in myocardial L-type Ca²⁺ channels protein expression at obese rats