Extract of Plantago asiatica L. Seeds Ameliorates Hypertension in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats by Inhibition of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme

Abstract

Plantago asiatica L. seeds is a common folk medicine with a long history of medical use in China because of its antipyretic, diuretic, and expectorant properties. It has been applied to treat hypertension clinically due to its diuresis, however, its efficacy and mechanisms on anti-hypertension has not been reported yet to our knowledge. In this study, we investigated the antihypertensive effect and underlying mechanisms of P. asiatica L. seeds extract (PASE) in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Male SHRs were treated with 2.5 mg/kg of fosinopril (FOS) and 400 mg/kg of PASE orally per day for once or 12 weeks. SHR or Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) receiving vehicle (distilled water) was used as control. The results demonstrated systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures (SBP, DBP, and MBP) were significantly lowered after single and long-term intragastric administration of PASE. The cardiac and aortic index and collagen accumulation were improved in the PASE group compared with the SHRs group. Meanwhile, PASE treatment remarkably reduced urine total protein, the ratio of serum urea nitrogen to serum creatinine, and increased serum potassium. The levels of serum angiotensin I (Ang I), angiotensin II (Ang II), the ratio of Ang II to Ang I, and aldosterone (ALD) were lowered after treatment of PASE. Besides, PASE and its major active constituents of phenylethanoid glycosides, including isoacteoside, plantamajoside and acteoside, were found to effectively inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activation in vitro . These findings suggest that PASE has the antihypertensive effect that may involve a mechanism of ACE inhibition and simultaneously protect organ damage against hypertension.

Black Soybean and Adzuki Bean Extracts Lower Blood Pressure by Modulating the Renin-Angiotensin System in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

“…Therefore, dietary supplements are preferred as alternatives to drugs in that they have fewer side effects and are easy to absorb. The antihypertensive effects of various natural extracts have been verified in vitro and in vivo [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. These activities are associated with their flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloids, and phenolic acids [ 12 ].…”

Diuretic Effect and Metabolomics Analysis of Crude and Salt-Processed Plantaginis Semen

“…The current study compared the diuretic impact of CPS and SPS, which were observed to be different. Previous studies have also shown that phenylethanoid glycosides may have a blood pressure-lowering effect (Tong et al, 2019). Other studies have indicated that phenylethanoid glycosides have diuretic effects (Qi et al, 2012).…”

“…Recent works have suggested that taking PS extracts (PSE) daily can regulate the severity of hypertension and thus may be potentially utilized as an antihypertensive herb ( Fu et al, 2019 ). Another study revealed that PSE improves hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats by disrupting the activity of angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACEs) ( Tong et al, 2019 ). In addition, we found that there is a relationship between the inhibition of ALD and AQP2 on the diuretic mechanism of PS.…”

Herbal therapy as a promising approach for regulation on lipid profiles: A review of molecular aspects

“…In folk medicine, this plant can be used for curing several disorders, such as dysuria, edema, stranguria, eliminating heat from lungs, and improving phlegm. Also, it is declared that Plantaginis semen extract has been used for decreasing hypertension in Asian regions (Tong et al, 2019; Tzeng et al, 2016). According to modern pharmacological research, Plantaginis semen exerts specific functions in lowering blood lipid levels, declining blood pressure, and exerting antioxidative, immune regulatory, diuretic, anti‐inflammatory, and hypoglycemic properties (Pal et al, 2014).…”