Carbon Steel Corrosion: An Everyday Approach for Chemistry Teaching

Silva, Marcos V. F.; Pereira, M. C.; Codaro, Eduardo Norberto; Acciari, Heloísa Andréa

doi:10.5935/0100-4042.20140313

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…For each mechanism below, the rate-determining step (rds) is indicated. 15,47,51 Fe (24) Some authors 52,53 indicate that the iron dissolution rate depends on the amount, distribution and morphology of the cementite phase.Others suggest that it depends mainly on the concentration of species that carbon dioxide produces at the metal/electrolyte interface 47,54 Others argue that the cathodic reaction controls the corrosion reaction through a series of steps involving the reduction of H + (aq) (equation 25) or H 2 CO 3(ad) (equation 26) on the metal surface, this mechanism is known as direct reduction (equations 26, 27 and 28). 11,19,47,55,56…”

Section: Carbon Steel Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, a carbon steel pipeline contains a relatively continuous layer of iron oxides and oxyhydroxides (hematite Fe 2 O 3 , magnetite Fe 3 O 4 , lepidocrocyte γ-FeOOH, and goethite α-FeOOH) formed spontaneously in air, 11 which is not removed before installation. 24,25 As oil passes, CO 2 and H 2 S can react with these compounds to form carbonates, monosulfides and polysulfides. The chemical composition of corrosion products will depend on the pCO 2 / pH 2 S ratio, oxygen contamination level and temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Films Formed on Carbon Steel in Sweet Environments - A Review

Fioravante¹,

Nunes²,

Acciari³

et al. 2019

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Corrosion of carbon steel pipelines in sweet environments has been extensively researched on oil and natural gas exploration and production in order to obtain efficient corrosion mitigation methods. Although the consequences of corrosion are known, the cause and mechanism by which a certain phenomenon occurs are still not well understood. Sweet corrosion is mainly caused by the carbon dioxide dissolved in the water contained in the oil. It can manifest itself in different ways and one of which is the formation of a scale on the inner walls of the pipelines, which determines the evolution of corrosion process. This paper discusses the effects of partial pressure of carbon dioxide, dissolved hydrogen sulfide, dissolved oxygen and water chemistry on scale formation. Particular attention is paid to the nature and stability of the aqueous species formed during the corrosion process, as well as the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects lead to the scale formation on the carbon steel surface. The main objective is to enhance the understanding of the conditions of formation and precipitation of siderite and mackinawite and their effects on corrosion processes involving low carbon steels.

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Section: Carbon Steel Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Films Formed on Carbon Steel in Sweet Environments - A Review

Fioravante¹,

Nunes²,

Acciari³

et al. 2019

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…A experiência em campo aliada à pesquisa científica permitiu discernir de certo modo quais daqueles produtos eram formados como consequência da corrosão e quais da contaminação do petróleo e do gás natural durante a produção. Comumente, uma tubulação ou um tanque apresenta uma camada mais ou menos contínua de óxidos e oxi-hidróxidos de ferro (hematita Fe 2 O 3 , magnetita Fe 3 O 4 , lepidocrocita g-FeOOH, goetita a-FeOOH) formada espontaneamente ao ar, 6 a qual não é removida antes do lançamento ou da instalação. Durante a passagem ou estocagem do fluido, o sulfeto de hidrogênio pode reagir com estes compostos, formar monossulfetos e separar enxofre elementar ou formar polissulfetos.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Um Estudo Termodinâmico Da Corrosão Dos Aços Carbono Pelo Sulfeto De Hidrogênio – Explorando Conceitos De Equilíbrio Químico

et al. 2018

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publicado na web em 18/01/2018 A THERMODINAMIC CORROSION STUDY OF CARBON STEELS IN HYDROGEN SULFIDE -EXPLORING CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM CONCEPTS. This study addresses an inherent problem to the oil and natural gas exploration and production industry, the corrosion of pipes and tanks by H 2 S. H 2 S with water emulsified in the oil or H 2 S with the water vapor mixed in the gas, they make the acid environment leading to corrosion. This is commonly manifested by the formation of insoluble sulfides on the surface of the carbon steels destined for this purpose. The evolution of the corrosion process depends on the composition and physicochemical characteristics of sulfide film. In this context, we intend to interpret the conditions of formation and precipitation of iron sulfides as a function of pH, using concepts of chemical equilibrium, electrode potential and electrochemical cell that are part of the subjects of chemistry.Keywords: hydrogen embrittlement; sour corrosion; carbon steels; teaching corrosion. INTRODUÇÃOA corrosão dos aços-carbono de baixa liga pelo sulfeto de hidrogênio sempre foi um tema de pesquisa recorrente na área de exploração e produção de petróleo e gás natural, que adquiriu especial atenção depois da descoberta do pré-sal em 2006 no Brasil. Durante a recuperação primária, o fluido que sai espontaneamente dos poços de uma jazida a dezenas de atmosferas passa por um processo no qual o óleo cru, o gás e a água são separados. Em seguida, o óleo e o gás são bombeados para os terminais e daí para as refinarias e unidades de processamento, respectivamente. O sulfeto de hidrogê-nio está naturalmente presente no óleo e no gás e junto com a água emulsionada e o vapor de água tornam-se ambientes ácidos propícios para a corrosão.1-3 Deste modo, as tubulações para transferência e os tanques para armazenamento podem sofrer corrosão localizada ou mesmo generalizada, dependendo do aço, do fluido e das condições operacionais como pressão, temperatura e dinâmica do escoamento. 4,5 Entre os tipos de corrosão localizada destaca-se a denominada fragilização pelo hidrogênio como a forma mais preocupante de corrosão. Neste processo, parte do hidrogênio que é reduzido durante a reação de corrosão penetra no aço e se acumula em falhas (descontinuidades + defeitos), as quais, após certa pressurização, levam à formação de trincas e, finalmente, à ruptura prematura do material. A corrosão generalizada manifesta-se pela formação de uma carepa de mono e polissulfetos de ferro nas paredes internas de dutos e válvulas ocasionando obstrução de fluxo e problemas nos sistemas de bombeamento. 5Embora as consequências da corrosão sejam conhecidas, as causas e os mecanismos pelos quais o fenômeno acontece ainda não estão bem elucidados. Dois fatores contribuem para esta situação: as composições químicas do petróleo, do gás natural e da água de formação variam de jazida para jazida e, a impossibilidade de reproduzir num laboratório as condições internas dos oleodutos, gasodutos e tanques.Muitos profissionais ligados a companhias de p...

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“…Steel is one of the materials most used in the construction of fuel distribution and storage systems. However, there are few studies on how and why corrosion occurs on metal surfaces in the presence of Diesel S10 oil contaminated with tap water 1 . According to the Manual Técnico da Petrobras 2 , Diesel S10 oil was introduced into the domestic market in January 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocorrosion on Surface of ASTM A283 Carbon Steel, Exposed in Diesel S10 and Tap Water

et al. 2018

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This paper sets out to evaluate the corrosion and biocorrosion of carbon steel ASTM A283 exposed to a Diesel S10 oil/tap water system under static conditions for 90 days. The following analyzes were performed: physico-chemical in tap water, sulfur content in Diesel S10 and quantification of sessile microorganisms in the biofilm formed on the metal. To monitor the corrosion process, mass loss, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), confocal laser microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed. There were changes in the composition of the medium, correlated with the formation of corrosion and biofilm products. There was biodegradation of the fuel, which in contact with water influenced the development of microorganisms. Moreover, the corrosion rate was classified as moderate, the main form of corrosion being seen to be local alveolar corrosion. Therefore, the results revealed that water in diesel oil can be an aggravating factor in the process of corrosion and biocorrosion.

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Carbon Steel Corrosion: An Everyday Approach for Chemistry Teaching

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Films Formed on Carbon Steel in Sweet Environments - A Review

Films Formed on Carbon Steel in Sweet Environments - A Review

Um Estudo Termodinâmico Da Corrosão Dos Aços Carbono Pelo Sulfeto De Hidrogênio – Explorando Conceitos De Equilíbrio Químico

Biocorrosion on Surface of ASTM A283 Carbon Steel, Exposed in Diesel S10 and Tap Water

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