Central retinal artery occlusion associated with patent foramen ovale: a case report and literature review

OCT Angiography Use in Pregnancy: Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion Associated with Patent Foramen Ovale – A Case Report and Multimodal Analysis

“…RAOs including BRAO and CRAO are infrequent in childhood and young adults, occurring even more occasionally in the setting of pregnancy [1]. The RECO study group [2] and the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) emphasized [3] the importance of a systematic Case Reports in Ophthalmology evaluation of young patients with RAO, presenting results of almost 1 out of every 2 patients with acute RAO had an echocardiography with cardiac abnormality and were deemed to be at high risk for cardioembolic diseases. During pregnancy, it is well established the presence of a hypercoagulable state induced by the Virchow triad.…”

Central retinal artery occlusion as a result of symptomatic patent foramen ovale

“…They also conducted a review of literature and found seven such other cases, in which PFO has been implicated as a causative factor of CRAO. In their review, they cited transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) as being more sensitive in diagnosing PFO as compared to TTE [ 9 , 10 ]. Our case also reported a similar occurrence of CRAO and PFO.…”

Pulmonary Thromboembolism Associated with Paradoxical Embolism in a Patient with Patent Foramen Ovale

“…It is found in approximately 25% of the adult population, with no hemodynamic implications in most cases. 1 However, due to persistence of the foramen, paradoxical embolism may occur as a cause of ischemic events; in some cases, closure of the PFO is indicated as a secondary prevention strategy for thromboembolic events. 2 Studies have demonstrated an association between PFO and many clinical conditions, some potentially severe, such as ischemic stroke and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE).…”