Different clinical manifestations of ocular sporotrichosis in the same patient: an alert to ophthalmologists in nonendemic areas

Paiva, Alexandre de Carvalho Mendes; Biancardi, Ana Luiza; Curi, André Luiz Land

doi:10.5935/0004-2749.20200107

Cited by 3 publications

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“…The first case of atypical zoonotic sporotrichosis was published in 2002. Nearly half of the articles (55%; 35/64) were published in the last five years (2019-2023), which correspond to an increase of 700% in comparison with the number of publications from the first 5 years of our review (Figure 2) [13][14][15][17][18][19][20][21][22][24][25][26][27][28][29]31,32,[34][35][36][37].…”

Section: Article Searchingmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Flowchart describing the total of scientific articles obtained by the database searches for atypical cases of sporotrichosis by Sporothrix brasiliensis that occurred in Brazil and included in this study.The first case of atypical zoonotic sporotrichosis was published in 2002. Nearly half of the articles (55%; 35/64) were published in the last five years (2019-2023), which correspond to an increase of 700% in comparison with the number of publications from the first 5 years of our review (Figure2)[13][14][15][17][18][19][20][21][22][24][25][26][27][28][29]31,32,[34][35][36][37].…”

mentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Mucosal involvement occurred as a primary disease in the majority of the patients (92%, n = 230/251), while the remaining (8%, n = 21) developed mucosal sporotrichosis due to a hematogenous dissemination of Sporothrix spp. Even though all such patients were cured, 12% (23/193) had sequelae of the mycosis, such as chronic dacryocystitis, corneal changes, cutaneous fistula, lagophthalmos, ectropion, entropion, pannus 180 • , symblepharon, conjunctival fibrosis, paracentral leucoma or eyelid retraction (ocular), and hyperrhynolalia and retraction of the right ala nasi (nasal) (Table 1) [15,20,21,29,31,32,41,42,47,48,52,53,57,60,61,[63][64][65]67,70,71,[73][74][75]78,79,81,82].…”

Section: Mucosal Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sporotrichosis in ocular adnexa is subclassified as eyelid involvement, granulomatous conjunctivitis, Parinaud syndrome, or disorders of the lacrimal system (dacryocystitis). Intraocular sporotrichosis can be presented as endophthalmitis, granulomatous uveitis, scleritis, retinitis, choroiditis, or iridocyclitis [15,[29][30][31][32]. Nasal involvement is another manifestation of mucosal zoonotic sporotrichosis, which varies from mild to severe, progressing to a perforation of the septum [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sporothrix brasiliensis Causing Atypical Sporotrichosis in Brazil: A Systematic Review

Poester,

Xavier,

Munhoz

et al. 2024

JoF

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Zoonotic sporotrichosis, a subcutaneous mycosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis, has become hyperendemic and a serious public health issue in Brazil and an emerging disease throughout the world. Typical sporotrichosis is defined as fixed or lymphocutaneous lesion development, however, reports of atypical presentations have been described in hyperendemic areas, which may result in a worse prognosis. Thus, considering an increase in atypical cases and in more severe extracutaneous cases and hospitalizations reported in Brazil, we aimed to perform a systematic review to search for hypersensitivity reactions (HRs) and extracutaneous presentations associated with zoonotic sporotrichosis. A systematic review was performed, following the PRISMA guidelines to search for atypical/extracutaneous cases (mucosal, osteoarthritis, HRs, pulmonary, meningeal) of zoonotic sporotrichosis. A total of 791 published cases over 26 years (1998–2023) in eleven Brazilian states were reviewed. Most cases corresponded to a HR (47%; n = 370), followed by mucosal (32%; n = 256), multifocal (8%; n = 60), osteoarthritis (7%; n = 59), meningeal (4%; n = 32), and pulmonary (2%; n = 14) infections. When available (n = 607), the outcome was death in 7% (n = 43) of cases. Here, we show a frequent and worrisome scenario of zoonotic sporotrichosis in Brazil, with a high and dispersed incidence of atypical/extracutaneous cases throughout the Brazilian territory. Therefore, educational measures are necessary to make health professionals and the overall population aware of this fungal pathogen in Brazil as well as in other countries in the Americas.

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Section: Article Searchingmentioning

confidence: 77%

mentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Mucosal Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sporothrix brasiliensis Causing Atypical Sporotrichosis in Brazil: A Systematic Review

Poester,

Xavier,

Munhoz

et al. 2024

JoF

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“…Twenty-one studies (case reports and case series) reported ocular sporotrichosis with involvement of the conjunctiva, representing a total of 56 patients, with a mean age of 33.33 ± 21.81 years (range 3-80 years) (Table 3) [34,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]. Most cases have been reported in Brazil (44 cases) and Malaysia (8 cases).…”

Section: Conjunctival Sporotrichosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Sporotrichosis

Ramírez-Soto

Tirado‐Sánchez

Bonifáz

2021

JoF

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Sporotrichosis is a subacute or chronic mycosis predominant in tropical and subtropical regions. It is an infection of subcutaneous tissue caused by Sporothrix fungus species, but occasionally resulting in an extracutaneous condition, including osteoarticular, pulmonary, nervous central system, and ocular disease. Cases of ocular sporotrichosis are rare, but reports have been increasing in recent decades. Ocular infections usually occur in hyperendemic areas of sporotrichosis. For its classification, anatomic criteria are used. The clinical presentation is the infection in the ocular adnexal and intraocular infection. Ocular adnexa infections include palpebral, conjunctivitis, and infections of the lacrimal sac. Intraocular infection includes exogenous or endogenous endophthalmitis. Most infections in the ocular adnexal have been reported in Brazil, China and Peru, and intraocular infections are limited to the USA and Brazil. Diagnosis is performed from Sporothrix isolation in the mycological examination from ocular or skin samples. Both sporotrichosis in the ocular adnexa and intraocular infection can mimic several infectious and non-infectious medical conditions. Ocular adnexa infections are treated with potassium iodide and itraconazole. The intraocular infection is treated with amphotericin B. This review describes the clinical findings and epidemiological, diagnosis, and treatment of ocular sporotrichosis.

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Mucosal Sporotrichosis from Zoonotic Transmission: Descriptions of Four Case Reports

Yeow

Tan

Low

2023

Infectious Disease Reports

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Background: Sporotrichosis is a subacute or chronic mycosis caused by a dimorphic fungus of the genus Sporothrix. Zoonotic-transmitted sporotrichosis has become a major public health concern and is characterised by a different clinical pattern from the traditional epidemiology of sporotrichosis. Case presentation: We present the details of four patients with mucosal sporotrichosis with regional lymphadenopathy (three cases of granulomatous conjunctivitis and one case of nasal sporotrichosis). The patients’ age range was between 23 to 46 years old and their gender was three female and one male patient. All four patients shared the same ethnicity, Malay, and they had a common history of owning domestic cats as pets. Sporothrix schenckii were isolated from all the culture samples and its antifungal susceptibility patterns were compared in the mycelial and yeast phases. All four patients recovered with oral itraconazole treatment, but the treatment duration was variable among patients. Conclusions: People who have a history of contact with domestic cats should be aware of the possibility of sporotrichosis infection. It can present in cutaneous, lymphocutaneous, disseminated, or systemic forms. Early treatment and the prevention of disease progression are more beneficial to patients. The published data concludes that antifungal treatment is highly efficacious, although the reported treatment duration is variable.

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Different clinical manifestations of ocular sporotrichosis in the same patient: an alert to ophthalmologists in nonendemic areas

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Sporothrix brasiliensis Causing Atypical Sporotrichosis in Brazil: A Systematic Review

Sporothrix brasiliensis Causing Atypical Sporotrichosis in Brazil: A Systematic Review

Ocular Sporotrichosis

Mucosal Sporotrichosis from Zoonotic Transmission: Descriptions of Four Case Reports

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