Análise estrutural em relictos de Cerrado no Parque Estadual do Guartelá, município de Tibagi, Estado do Paraná, Brasil

Carmo, Marta Regina Barrotto do; Andrade, Anna Luiza Pereira; Santos, Gisele Aparecida da Silva Doratti dos; Assis, Marco Antônio

doi:10.5902/198050986618

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…; Carmo et al . ; Moro ). Previous soil analyses showed that the soil chemicals and structural characteristics are similar among both areas, but the soils in VVL are considered to be richer than those in GUA because of their lower sandiness and higher concentration of K and Mn (Moraes et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nurse abundance determines plant facilitation networks of subtropical forest-grassland ecotone

et al. 2015

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The theory of complex networks has been recently used to explain ecological associations between nurses and seedlings in plant facilitation systems. The structure of these networks is potentially affected by morphological, ecological and evolutionary factors that can determine the facilitative interactions. In the present study, we evaluate the role of the projected crown area of the nurse plant, the dispersal syndrome, the abundance and the phylogeny relationships with seedlings as drivers of network structure in facilitation networks. To test these parameters, we used an ecotonal forest-grassland system in southern Brazil that experienced historical forest expansion over the grassland in the last few centuries. In two State Parks, Guartelá (GUA) and Vila Velha (VVL), we sampled tree species (nurses and seedlings) along four transects parallel to the forest edge, with five sampling stations along each transect. Tree seedlings (height >0.3 m) were sampled below the nurse's crown (i.e. isolated woody plants, height >1.5 m) and over the grassland area. A total of 160 nurses and 358 seedlings were sampled. Seedling abundance and richness were greater below a nurse's crown than on open grassland. Nurse abundance was the best predictor of the observed interaction matrix. Probabilistic matrices based on abundance, abundance and phylogeny, and dominance were able to predict the observed nestedness values, and they were also closest to the observed connectance, although all of the probabilistic matrices have underestimated this property. Specialization was predicted by abundance and phylogeny, abundance and projected crown area drivers for VVL, and the abundance based models were closest to the predicted specialization for GUA. The result of a similar pattern in predictability between sites indicates that the influences of morphology and evolutionary and ecological processes over the facilitation interactions are equivalent on a regional scale. Woody plant abundance was a key factor for the facilitation networks, driving forest expansion along the subtropical forest-grassland ecotone.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nurse abundance determines plant facilitation networks of subtropical forest-grassland ecotone

et al. 2015

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“…; Carmo et al . ). This area was chosen due to its richness regarding Melastomataceae: the PEG has 36 species of the family, in seven genera (Maia & Goldenberg ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Fieldwork was undertaken between March 2011 and October 2012, at the Parque Estadual do Guartel a (PEG), municipality of Tibagi, state of Paran a, Brazil (24°34 0 04″S, 50°15 0 17″W). The region is covered with a mosaic of different vegetation types that occur in eastern Brazil, such as rupestrian vegetation (campos rupestres), Cerrado and Araucaria mixed forests (Veloso et al 1991;Carmo et al 2012). This area was chosen due to its richness regarding Melastomataceae: the PEG has 36 species of the family, in seven genera (Maia & Goldenberg 2014).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Apomixis does not affect visitation to flowers of Melastomataceae, but pollen sterility does

2015

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Apomixis is an asexual seed reproduction mechanism thorough which embryos are originated from material tissues inside the ovules, without precedent fertilisation. It allows plants to colonise new habitats, even in places where flower visitors are scarce or where plants are isolate. Apomixis seems to be related to pollen sterility and, in species with flowers that offer pollen as a reward for pollinators, the amount or quality of the pollen offered by these species may influence the amount of the visits and specific composition of the visitors. In order to test this hypothesis, we studied breeding systems of 16 species of Melastomataceae and their flower visitors, evaluating composition and abundance of the visits to apomictic and sexual species. Apomictic plants with no viable pollen or with pollen with low viability did not receive visits from pollinators, and consequently probably produce strictly apomictic fruits. On the other hand, apomictic and sexual plants with high pollen viability do receive visits; in this case, apomictic plants may produce fruits and seeds through both sexual and apomictic methods. The species composition of insects visiting Melastomataceae with high pollen viability was similar, regardless of whether the plants were apomictic or not. It seems that pollen viability levels are important to determine visits to the flowers irrespective of breeding system.

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“…Machine 2 was assessed in this area, which performed the drag of trees to the road side, with a beam with three trees per cycle at an average distance of 120 meters. Tibagi, PR: 24°33'11" south latitude, 50°27'22" west longitude, with temperate subtropical climate (Cfb), average annual temperature of 17ºC, average annual rainfall of 1,500 mm, average altitude of 750 m and soft wavy relief (Carmo et al, 2012). Harvesting is performed using the cut-to-length system on which, according to Malinovsky et al (2014), the tree is felled, delimbed and sectioned still inside the patches and led to the side of the road or intermediate courtyard in the form of short logs, with less than six meters long.…”

Section: Characterization Of Study Area and Harvesting Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Work Precariousness: Ergonomic Risks to Operators of Machines Adapted for Forest Harvesting

et al. 2017

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-This study aimed to assess different types of machines adapted for mechanized forest harvesting activities in order to quantify the degree of compliance with ergonomic principles applicable to forest machines, as well as the ergonomic risks to which workers are exposed. The following machines were evaluated: a feller buncher adapted into a wheel loader; a mini skidder coupled to an agricultural tractor; and a forest loader adapted to an agricultural tractor; operating in the states of Paraná and Minas Gerais. Biomechanical working conditions were assessed by applying a checklist for simplified assessment of the workplace biomechanical conditions. The forced postures assessment was performed using the REBA -"Rapid Entire Body Assessment" method. In turn, ergonomic classification was through guidelines contained in the ergonomic classification manual "Ergonomic Guidelines for Forest Machines". Moreover, the environmental factors noise, temperature and vibration to which the operators of these machines were exposed were assessed. The results showed all assessed machines had ergonomic standards below those indicated in all assessed aspects, mainly related to access and dimensions of the workplace, need to adopt forced postures during working hours, and exposure to environmental factors assessed above tolerance limits. It is concluded that machines adapted for use in forest harvesting processes have shown significant gaps in relation to ergonomic aspects, presenting high and imminent risk of development of occupational diseases in their operators.Keywords: Forest operations; Forest mechanization; Occupational health. PRECARIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO: RISCOS ERGONÔMICOS AOS OPERADORES DE MÁQUINAS ADAPTADAS PARA COLHEITA FLORESTALRESUMO -Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar diferentes tipos de máquinas adaptadas para as atividades de colheita florestal mecanizada, de forma a quantificar o grau de atendimento aos princípios ergonômicos aplicáveis às máquinas florestais, bem como os riscos ergonômicos aos quais os trabalhadores estão expostos. Foram avaliadas as seguintes máquinas: um feller buncher adaptado em uma pá carregadeira de rodas; um mini skidder acoplado a um trator agrícola; e um carregador florestal adaptado a um trator agrícola; operando nos estados do Paraná e Minas Gerais. As condições biomecânicas do trabalho foram avaliadas através da aplicação de um check-list para avaliação simplificada das condições biomecânicas do posto de trabalho. A avaliação das posturas forçadas foi realizada utilizando o método REBA -"Rapid Entire Body Assessment". Por sua vez, a classificação ergonômica foi através das diretrizes contidas no manual de classificação ergonômica "Ergonomic Guidelines for Forest Machines". Ainda, foram avaliados os fatores ambientais ruído, temperatura e vibração aos quais os operadores destas máquinas estavam expostos. Os resultados apontaram que todas as máquinas avaliadas apresentaram padrões ergonômicos abaixo dos indicados em todos os aspectos avaliados, principalmente relacionados ao ace...

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Análise estrutural em relictos de Cerrado no Parque Estadual do Guartelá, município de Tibagi, Estado do Paraná, Brasil

Cited by 16 publications

References 13 publications

Nurse abundance determines plant facilitation networks of subtropical forest-grassland ecotone

Nurse abundance determines plant facilitation networks of subtropical forest-grassland ecotone

Apomixis does not affect visitation to flowers of Melastomataceae, but pollen sterility does

Work Precariousness: Ergonomic Risks to Operators of Machines Adapted for Forest Harvesting

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