Fungos ectomicorrízicos em plantações de nogueira-pecã e o potencial da truficultura no Brasil

Abstract

Os estudos envolvendo a nogueira-pecã têm evoluído consideravelmente nos últimos anos no Brasil. Esta cultura foi introduzida no país no início do século passado e tornou-se importante comercialmente após os anos de 1960, principalmente na região sul. A nogueira-pecã é comprovadamente um simbionte, formando diversas associações mutualísticas com fungos ectomicorrízicos do solo. Assim, a presente revisão tem como objetivos apresentar os estudos sobre os fungos ectomicorrízicos em plantações comerciais de nogueirapecã no Brasil, destacar a importância agrícola e ambiental desta simbiose, e o potencial da micorrização controlada da nogueira-pecã, visando à produção de espécies desejadas de trufas, notadamente do gênero Tuber, em pomares comerciais, uma atividade econômica de alta rentabilidade.

Production and marketing of Tuber floridanum – ecology and gastronomic value of a recently described truffle species

“…In summary, each truffle species has specific requirements and growth limits. There is detailed information on ecological and management requirements for the cultivation of Tuber melanosporum (García-Montero et al, 2006;Fischer et al, 2017) or T. aestivum (Stobbe et al, 2013;Chevalier and Sourzat, 2012); nevertheless, our study provides enough data on T. floridanum ecology for cultivation in orchards or ecologically modified natural pecan stands, along with previous information (Grupe et al, 2018;Sulzbacher et al, 2019) In truffle cultivation, interactions between truffles and invertebrate pests can significantly affect the production quantity and quality of ripened ascocarps, drastically decreasing producers' incomes (Rosa-Gruszecka et al, 2017). Chen et al ( 2014) investigated earwigs fed on fungi and reported the mycophagy of the fetid mushroom Lysurus mokusin (L.) Fr.…”

“…Regarding soil properties, nutrient composition, the pH, and soil structure are vital parameters determining truffle survival and fruiting in orchards. Orchards for the production of pecan require specific, but not necessarily, truffle-compatible management (Sulzbacher et al, 2019). The orchards studied significantly do not present optimal soils for some of the commercial production of truffles.…”

“…The species is native to North America, but our study group first discovered its mature sporocarps in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Grupe et al, 2018). In both the southeastern United States and southern Brazil, collections are known solely from wild or cultivated pecan habitats (Grupe et al, 2018;Sulzbacher et al, 2019).…”

Effect of earthworms on mycorrhization, root morphology and biomass of silver fir seedlings inoculated with black summer truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.)

“…This suggests that commercial mycorrhization should be adapted to this time frame, or better mycorrhization conditions ought to be sought. Quality mycorrhized seedlings are not sufficient for cultivation of truffles with desired plant partners unless climate, soil, and cultivation conditions for both partners in symbiosis are met at the level to favor their growth and fruiting 16 . Fortunately, silver fir 36 and Tuber aestivum 18 , 32 are tolerant to a wide range of soil conditions, nutrient content and availability as well as pH levels, making their cultivation plausible.…”