It is estimated that by 2050 the world population will be 9 billion people; and therefore, the need for alternative sources of protein is inevitable, since conventional sources, such as beef, pork and poultry, will not be sufficient to meet the demand of population growth. Food that includes alternative sources of protein, such as insects, is a reality in countries of Latin America, Asia, Australia, Europe and Africa. This research presents the results of an exploratory study that analysed the food profile of 1,619 consumers in the five Brazilian regions (North, Northeast, Midwest, Southeast and South) as well as their perception, motivation and preferred form of edible insects. The data were analysed by cross-tabulation and expressed as frequencies. Our results show that women are more reluctant than men to consume insects. In general, there is a preference for consumption of insects in the form of flour. However, those with more familiarity with this type of consumption prefer the whole insect. Most Brazilian consumers have no opinion about the safety of consuming insects; however, consumers with higher levels of education and familiarity consider it safe.

Ground spiders can reflect the impacts of land-use intensification. In an integrated annual crop-livestock system, the grazing intensification can negatively influence the abundance and richness of ground spiders. We evaluated the difference in abundance, family and species richness, and species composition of ground spiders in the soybean and pasture environments, and the effect of grazing intensity on the spider community under a soybean-pasture rotation. We hypothesized that pastures would have higher spider species richness and a distinct species composition and that the increase in grazing intensity would reduce spider abundance and species richness. We conducted an experiment in an integrated annual croplivestock system under a soybean-pasture rotation in southern Brazil that was managed for 14 years by alternating Glycine max for summer grain production and Avena strigosa + Lolium multiflorum for beef cattle grazing during the winter. We sampled four times over 2 years: twice after the grazing cycles and twice after the soybean harvests. Grazing intensification was measured as grazing heights of 10, 20, 30, and 40 cm. Pitfall traps were installed to capture ground spiders. A total of 2589 spiders were collected and classified into 23 families and 43 species. The abundance of spiders was seven times higher, and species richness was 35% higher in the postgrazing compared with the postsoybean environment. Linear mixed effects models showed that spider abundance and richness were strongly influenced by grazing height, particularly postgrazing, but the influence of grazing height on male spider abundance could still be detected in the postsoybean environment. We have shown for the first time that the management of grazing height affects the abundance and richness of spiders in an integrated annual crop-livestock system. To introduce a grazing cycle to a completely crop-centric production system and regulating grazing intensity can help maintain a more diverse spider community.

-In the sowing process, the technique of seed treatment may assist in maintaining crop yield potential. This present study aimed to assess how wheat seed treatment with two different sources of micronutrients, combined with fungicide + insecticide protective treatment and coating with liquid polymer, may impact its vegetative development and grain production. Wheat seeds of cultivar Tec Vigore were subjected to three different treatments using micronutrient containing zinc: no micronutrient, micronutrient 1 (1% Mn, 0.1% Mo, 10% Zn); micronutrient 2 (0.3% B, 0.3% Co; 3% Zn), where micronutrient treatments were combined with different protective treatments used for seed treatment: untreated seeds, polymer (Color seed He), fungicide (Vitavax® Thiram 200 SC) + insecticide (Cruiser® 350 FS) and combination of polymer + fungicide + insecticide. We assessed parameters related to crop development, such as seedling emergence, dry matter of root and shoot, tillers, and for physiological maturity, we assessed grain yield and hectoliter weight. Seed treatment with micronutrients, polymer, fungicide + insecticide and combinations thereof does not reduce emergence and may increase seedling stand, but without influencing wheat grain yield.Index terms: fungicide, insecticide, micronutrient, polymer.Tratamento de sementes e sua influência no potencial produtivo da cultura do trigo RESUMO -No processo de semeadura, a técnica do tratamento de sementes pode auxiliar na manutenção do potencial produtivo. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar a influência do tratamento de sementes de trigo com duas diferentes fontes de micronutrientes, combinadas aos tratamentos protetores fungicida + inseticida e recobrimento com polímero líquido, no desenvolvimento vegetativo e na produção de grãos. As sementes de trigo, cultivar Tec Vigore, foram submetidas a três diferentes tratamentos utilizando micronutrientes contendo zinco: sem micronutriente, micronutriente 1 (1% Mn; 0,1% Mo; 10% Zn); micronutriente 2 (0,3% B; 0,3% Co; 3% Zn), sendo os tratamentos micronutrientes combinados com diferentes tratamentos protetores utilizados no tratamento de sementes: sementes sem tratamento, polímero (Color seed He), fungicida (Vitavax® Thiram 200 SC) + inseticida (Cruiser®350 FS) e polímero + fungicida + inseticida. Foram avaliados parâmetros relacionados ao desenvolvimento da cultura como emergência de plântulas, massa seca de raiz e parte aérea, perfilhos, e na maturação fisiológica avaliou-se o rendimento de grãos e o peso do hectolitro. O tratamento de sementes com micronutrientes, polímero, fungicida + inseticida e suas combinações não reduz a emergência e pode aumentar o estande de plântulas, mas sem efeitos na produtividade de grãos de trigo.Termos para indexação: fungicida, inseticida, micronutriente, polímero.

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-Seeds with high quality are one of the important factors to consider in the crops establishment on field. Therefore, the physical and physiological quality of wheat seeds treated with mixes of micronutrients including zinc and protective products were aimed. The wheat seeds were analyzed in a factorial scheme 5x3x4, with five storage time: 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 days; three micronutrients: micronutrients 1 (1% Mn; 0.1% Mo; 10% Zn); micronutrients 2 (0.3% B; 0.3% Co; 3% Zn) and no micronutrients, and four protective products: untreated seeds, polymer (Colorseed He), fungicide carboxin + thiram (Vitavax® Thiram 200 SC) + insecticide thiamethoxam (Cruiser® 350 FS) and polymer + fungicide + insecticide. After treatment, the seeds were stored under uncontrolled conditions for 240 days and at intervals of 60 days, the germination, accelerated aging and moisture content were determined. Wheat seeds untreated and treated with polymer have the best physiological performance during storage, regardless micronutrients treatments. The wheat seeds treated with carboxin + thiram + thiamethoxam and polymer + carboxin + thiram + thiamethoxam can be storage up to 120 days, under uncontrolled conditions, regardless micronutrients treatments. The seed treatment does not alter the moisture content of wheat seeds.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade fisiológica e o desempenho a campo da cultura da soja submetida ao tratamento de sementes industrial e convencional. Sementes de soja das cultivares FPS Urano RR, Syn 1059 RR e Syn 1163 RR foram tratadas com Standak Top ® (Piraclostrobina+Tiofanato Metílico+Fipronil) na dose de 200 mL 100kg-1 de produto comercial + 100 mL 100kg-1 de polímero. Os tratamentos consistiram na testemunha, no tratamento convencional e industrial. No campo, foram avaliadas em duas épocas de semeadura, a emergência, a massa seca e a produtividade de grãos. No laboratório, após o tratamento e no 30º, no 90º e 150º dias de armazenamento, foram avaliadas a cobertura das sementes e a qualidade fisiológica (teste de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação e emergência de plântulas). O tratamento de sementes industrial e convencional não afeta a germinação de sementes de alto vigor (Cultivares Syn 1059 e Syn 1163) e aumenta o percentual de plântulas normais em sementes de baixo vigor (Cultivar FPS Urano). O tratamento de sementes industrial e convencional com Piraclostrobina + Tiofanato Metílico + Fipronil e polímero melhora a emergência da cultura da soja, e potencializa a produtividade de grãos em sementes de cultivares de soja com alta qualidade fisiológica. Palavras-chave: emergência; germinação; Glicine max (L.) Merril; rendimento de grãos; tratamento de sementes

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