Equidade de sexo e gênero na pesquisa: fundamentação das diretrizes SAGER e uso recomendado*

Heidari, Shirin; Babor, Thomas F.; Castro, Paola De; Tort, Sera; Curno, Mirjam

doi:10.5123/s1679-49742017000300025

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Recent efforts by research organizations (NIH, FDA, and CIHR) ( 21 – 23 , 82 , 83 ), the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) ( 84 ), the European Association of Science Editors ( 85 , 86 ), and others (Gender Innovations, Stanford University) ( 63 ) have emphasized sex and gender and developed guidelines and checklists to address their intersection. Because of this international effort, oral health and periodontal research may need to establish a framework to produce diverse and generalizable knowledge, reduce health disparities, avoid gender bias, and improve oral health therapeutic interventions without any a priori assumptions ( 64 , 87 ).…”

Section: Considering Sex/gender In Periodontal Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sex and Gender Intersection in Chronic Periodontitis

Ioannidou

2017

Front. Public Health

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Periodontitis, a complex polymicrobial inflammatory disease, is a public health burden affecting more than 100 million people and being partially responsible for tooth loss. Interestingly, periodontitis has a documented higher prevalence in men as compared to women signifying a possible sex/gender entanglement in the disease pathogenesis. Although relevant evidence has treated sex/gender in a simplistic dichotomous manner, periodontitis may represent a complex inflammatory disease model, in which sex biology may interfere with gender social and behavioral constructs affecting disease clinical phenotype. Even when it became clear that experimental oral health research needed to incorporate gender (and/or sex) framework in the hypothesis, researchers overwhelmingly ignored it unless the research question was directly related to reproductive system or sex-specific cancer. With the recognition of gender medicine as an independent field of research, this study challenged the current notion regarding sex/gender roles in periodontal disease. We aimed to develop the methodological and analytical framework with the recognition of sex/gender as important determinants of disease pathogenesis that require special attention. First, we aim to present relevant sex biologic evidence to understand the plausibility of the epidemiologic data. In periodontitis pathogenesis, sex dimorphism has been implicated in the disease etiology possibly affecting the bacterial component and the host immune response both in the innate and adaptive levels. With the clear distinction between sex and gender, gender oral health disparities have been explained by socioeconomic factors, cultural attitudes as well as access to preventive and regular care. Economic inequality and hardship for women have resulted in limited access to oral care. As a result, gender emerged as a complex socioeconomic and behavioral factor influencing oral health outcomes. Taken together, as disease phenotypic presentation is a multifactorial product of biology, behavior and the environment, sex dimorphism in immunity as well as gender socio-behavioral construct might play a role in the above model. Therefore, this paper will provide the conceptual framework and principles intergrading sex and gender within periodontal research in a complex biologic and socio-behavioral dimension.

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Section: Considering Sex/gender In Periodontal Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sex and Gender Intersection in Chronic Periodontitis

Ioannidou

2017

Front. Public Health

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“…This should not be interpreted as gender having a direct effect on educational achievement: our study was exploratory, and inclusion of gender as an explanatory variable was motivated mostly by the SAGER guidelines. 46 Rather, this finding should taken as justification for further studies, aimed at a more proper explanation for this correlation. Such explanation might have more to do with family and community medicine than with the Brazilian society at large, because half the master's and Ph.D. graduates in Brazil are women.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Postgraduate education among family and community physicians in Brazil: the Trajetórias MFC project

Fontenelle

Rossi

Oliveira

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Neither primary health care or family and community medicine are recognized as knowledge areas in Brazil, for the purpose of postgraduate education (master's, Ph.D.) or research. Our objective was to describe the postgraduate education trajectories of family and community physicians in Brazil. In this observational, exploratory study, we used data from SBMFC and SisCNRM to compile the list of physicians and community physicians, and then downloaded their curricula vitae from the Lattes Platform, verifying all data for consistency. A master's degree was held by one in eight, and a Ph.D., by one in forty; most degrees were in collective health. Women (versus men) were less likely to hold master's degrees, and even less likely to hold Ph.D. degrees. Professional (versus academic) master's degrees and those in other areas (versus in medicine or collective health) were also associated with lower probability of obtaining a Ph.D. degree. Certified specialists (versus those with a medical residency) with a postgraduate degree were more likely to have earned it before becoming family and community physicians. We suggest that researchers in public health critically examine the relative benefits of different postgraduate trajectories for the professional performance of family and community physicians.

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“…This should not be interpreted as gender having a direct effect on educational achievement: our study was exploratory, and inclusion of gender as an explanatory variable was motivated mostly by the SAGER (Sex and Gender Equity in Research) guidelines. 46 Rather, this finding should be taken as justification for further studies, aimed at a more proper explanation for this correlation. Such an explanation might have more to do with family and community medicine than with the Brazilian society at large, because half the master’s and PhD graduates in Brazil are women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Postgraduate education among family and community physicians in Brazil: the Trajetórias MFC project

Fontenelle¹,

Rossi

Oliveira

et al. 2020

Fam Med Com Health

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ObjectiveOur objective was to describe the postgraduate education trajectories of family and community physicians in Brazil, where neither primary healthcare nor family and community medicine is recognised as a knowledge area for the purpose of research and postgraduate education (master’s and PhD degrees).DesignAn observational, exploratory study, using administrative data. A nationwide list of family and community physicians as of late November 2018 was compiled from multiple sources. Data on the mode of specialisation was obtained from the same sources and were correlated with data on master’s and PhD degrees, obtained from the curricula vitae on the Lattes Platform.SettingThis study was set in Brazil.Participants6238 family and community physicians (58.3% female), of whom 2795 had earned a specialist certificate (identified from the list of physicians certified by Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina de Família e Comunidade) and 3957 had completed medical residency (identified from SisCNRM, the national information system for medical residency).ResultsA master’s degree was held by 747 (12.0%) family and community physicians, and a PhD by 170 (2.7%); most degrees were in collective health (47.0% and 42%, respectively). Men were more likely than women to hold a master’s degree (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.24, 95% uncertainty interval (UI) 1.07–1.45) and even more likely to a hold PhD (aOR 1.86, 95% UI 1.35–2.59). Family and community physicians were also less likely to hold a PhD degree if their master’s degree was professional (oriented towards jobs outside academia) instead of academic (aOR 0.15, 95% UI 0.05–0.39) or in some area other than collective health or medicine (aOR 0.41, 95% UI 0.21–0.78, compared with a master’s degree in collective health). The postgraduate degree was more likely to precede specialisation for family and community physicians specialising through certification (master’s degree 39.9%, PhD 33%) than through medical residency (master’s degree 9.1%, PhD 6%).ConclusionFamily and community physicians in Brazil increasingly earn academic and professional master’s and PhD degrees, with an emphasis on collective health, even though women seemingly face barriers to advance their education. The consequences of different postgraduate trajectories should be critically examined.

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Equidade de sexo e gênero na pesquisa: fundamentação das diretrizes SAGER e uso recomendado*

Abstract: The SAGER guidelines are designed primarily to guide authors in preparing their manuscripts, but they are also useful for editors, as gatekeepers of science, to integrate assessment of sex and gender into all manuscripts as an integral part of the editorial process.

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

The Sex and Gender Intersection in Chronic Periodontitis

The Sex and Gender Intersection in Chronic Periodontitis

Postgraduate education among family and community physicians in Brazil: the Trajetórias MFC project

Postgraduate education among family and community physicians in Brazil: the Trajetórias MFC project

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