A multilayer model to simulate rocket exhaust clouds

Moreira, Davidson Martins; Trindade, Leonardo Barboza; Fisch, Gilberto; Moraes, Marcelo Romero de; Dorado, Rodrigo Martins; Guedes, Roberto Lage

doi:10.5028/jatm.2011.03010311

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For the case of CLA, Gisler et al (2011) studied the climatology of the surface winds through 5 years of data from a 70 m-high anemometric tower, in order to characterize the wind flow regime in the region. Recently, Moreira et al (2011) described the usage of a software to study the dispersion of pollutants (or toxic gases) released at CLA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observational Study of the Surface Layer at an Ocean–Land Transition Region

Medeiros

Magnago

Fisch

et al. 2013

J.Aerosp. Technol. Manag.

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High-frequency measurements of wind, and temperature were made during the dry season of 2008 to study the development of an internal boundary layer at the main Brazilian space launching centre, Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara at Alcântara, Maranhão, Brazil. Turbulence measurements taken at the coast, in two different points 227 m apart show different daily cycles of turbulent kinetic energy friction velocity (u *), and buoyancy flux w' T ν '. Surface roughness change, surface heating change, and a gap in the natural vegetation seem to be the causes for the variation in these turbulent parameters. The mean wind cycle also shows distinct patterns. It seems that, first, internal boundary layers develop when the oceanic surface layer reaches the continent, and a second when the first internal boundary layer's flow encounters the gap. A direct implication is that turbulence is not horizontally homogeneous and measurements taken at single places are not spatially representative. Knowing how turbulence varies spatially is necessary information to understand the diffusion of pollutants exhausted by rockets near the coast.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observational Study of the Surface Layer at an Ocean–Land Transition Region

Medeiros

Magnago

Fisch

et al. 2013

J.Aerosp. Technol. Manag.

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“…It is also used for calculating cloud and plume rise and turbulence (Bjorklund et al 1982). In Brazil, a model called Modelo Simulador de Efluentes de Foguetes (MSDEF) or Model for Simulation of Rocket Effluents (in a free translation) was recently developed, which is based on the mathematical procedure Advection Diffusion Multilayer Model (ADMM) to solve the advectiondispersion equation in a semi-analytic fashion, also incorporating some of the North American assumptions (Moreira et al 2011). Bianconi and Tamponi (1993) developed an analytical model for the unsteady three-dimensional advection, diffusion equation for short-term releases, and tested its sensitiveness in different stability conditions, mixing layer heights and wind speeds for different release durations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analytic Model for Dispersion of Rocket Exhaust Clouds: Specifications and Analysis in Different Atmospheric Stability Conditions

Bainy

Buske

Quadros

2015

J.Aerosp. Technol. Manag.

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This paper brings the first results concerning a new analytic model to evaluate atmospheric dispersion in rocket launch scenarios, namely Generalized Integral Laplace Transform Technique for Rocket effluent dispersion model. The model is constituted by three different modules, being two pre-processors (micrometeorological parameters and deposition parameters) and the dispersion program. The dispersion calculations are made through the Generalized Integral Laplace Transform Technique solution of the two-dimensional, time-dependant, advectiondiffusion-deposition equation. The results show a set of simulations using data from the Chuva Project from the Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara for both stable and unstable planetary boundary layers, in order to evaluate model performance and illustration.

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“…This solution allows a time-evolution description of the concentration field emitted from a source during launch time and takes into account deposition velocity, chemical decay, gravitational settling, precipitation scavenging and plume rise effect. For a detailed description of this model, see Moreira et al (2011). Nascimento et al (2014 coupled this model to the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) for meteorological forecasting; and to the Community Multi-Scale Air Quality model (CMAQ) for the chemistry module.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rocket emissions representation in atmospheric air‐quality models: The short‐range atmospheric transport and reaction of gases released by solid propellant engines

Schuch

Fisch

2018

Meteorological Applications

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One risk associated with rocket‐launching activities is the inhalation of exhaust gases, which can occur either in the vicinity of the launch pad or, depending on the way these gases are transported and dispersed through the atmosphere, at locations far from the launch pad. Immediately after the ignition of the rocket motors, a large, hot cloud is formed near the ground, composed of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen chloride (HCl) and also particulate material composed of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) in the case of rockets driven by a solid propellant. The Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF), an atmospheric mesoscale model, was modified in the present study to simulate the transport, dispersion and chemistry mechanisms (with the addition of reactions involving HCl and other chlorinated compounds) of these gases released during a launch. Simulations of the dispersion of effluents were performed for different rainfall regimes (dry and rainy periods) as well as for atmospheric thermal stability (day‐ and night‐time conditions) for a specific rocket (the Veículo Lançador de Satélites, VLS) at Brazil's Alcântara Launch Center (Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara, CLA). The results show that the most critical levels of HCl and CO occurred on the launch pad (Setor de Preparação de Lançamento, SPL) from the time of the launch (t0) to 10 min. The village of Alcântara, which is 9 km from the launch pad, could be affected according to the wind direction. The concentration of HCl reached a level in the range of 2200–3800 ppmv for both dry and wet periods respectively, and these concentrations can be very hazardous to humans.

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A multilayer model to simulate rocket exhaust clouds

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Observational Study of the Surface Layer at an Ocean–Land Transition Region

Observational Study of the Surface Layer at an Ocean–Land Transition Region

An Analytic Model for Dispersion of Rocket Exhaust Clouds: Specifications and Analysis in Different Atmospheric Stability Conditions

Rocket emissions representation in atmospheric air‐quality models: The short‐range atmospheric transport and reaction of gases released by solid propellant engines

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