The role of antioxidant on propellant binder reactivity during thermal aging

Villar, Luciene D.; Silva, Rafael Filadelfo da; Diniz, Milton Faria; Takahashi, Marta Ferreira Koyama; Rezende, Luís Cláudio

doi:10.5028/jatm.2010.02027310

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, on the other side, it was considered as short a lifetime of 7.5 years at 20 °C, predicted for composite propellants based on HTPB [63]. A shelf life of around 10 years was reported [113]. A composite propellant formulation with an initial elongation of 63.24 % was conditioned at 60 °C for a prolonged period, and the time for the elongation to be reduced to 50 % is calculated to be 1.2 years [114].…”

Section: Properties Of Hydroxyl-terminal Polybutadiene (Htpb)…mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Properties of Hydroxyl‐Terminal Polybutadiene (HTPB) and Its Use as a Liner and Binder for Composite Propellants: A Review of Recent Advances

Amado

Ross

Murakami

et al. 2022

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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This paper reviews hydroxyl-terminal polybutadiene (HTPB) used as liner and binder for composite propellants, applied in rocket motors studied throughout the last decades, emphasizing the recent advances. The contribution aims to show the importance of HTPB in the propellant composition and on the liner coating of the rocket motor, which is in contact with the propellant grain. This paper also shows that many researchers have thoroughly studied several properties of HTPB, which are rele-vant to its role in liners and propellants. We have also reviewed analytical techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) as a characterization technique for HTPB and HTPB-based polyurethanes. Reflection and transfectants FTIR may be a future trend in studies about polymeric matrices for liners and propellants, and in the area of propellant formulations that use energetic binders, graphene and nanomaterials.

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Section: Properties Of Hydroxyl-terminal Polybutadiene (Htpb)…mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AO22462,2'-methylene-bis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol[114],[115] BHT 2,6-di(tert-butyl) hydroxytoluene[113],[115] …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Hydroxyl‐Terminal Polybutadiene (HTPB) and Its Use as a Liner and Binder for Composite Propellants: A Review of Recent Advances

Amado

Ross

Murakami

et al. 2022

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…In addition, anti-aging measures have been adopted to improve the storage life of propellants. Luciene [ 7 ] studied the effect of the antioxidant 2,6-di(tertbutyl)hydroxytoluene (BHT) on HTPB propellants during thermal aging and found that the reactivity of HTPB and the curing agent (IPDI) increased gradually with the consumption of BHT. The aging resistance coefficient of HTPB propellant can be improved by the anti-oxidant Flexzone 6-H, and thus the service life will be extended [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the Thermal Aging Performance of a GAP-Based Polyurethane Elastomer

Liu,

Zhu,

Yang

et al. 2024

Polymers

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Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP)-based polyurethane is an ideal elastomeric matrix for high-energy, low-smoke, and insensitive solid propellants. As the skeleton structure of GAP propellants, changes in the structure and properties of GAP elastomers during aging lead to the deterioration of propellant performance (especially in relation to mechanical properties), which causes safety risks. A high-temperature-accelerated aging experiment (70 °C) on a GAP elastomer was conducted. The evolution of the microstructure of the GAP elastomer system was analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and variations in the macroscopic properties were analyzed by the hardness test and the uniaxial tensile test. The experimental results showed that thermal aging of the GAP elastomer is a coupled process of multiple chemical reactions. The azide groups, urethane groups, and ether bonds were the weak links in the network structure, breaking during the aging process, and the crosslinking density rose and then decreased. Macroscopic properties also showed segmented changes. The aging process was divided into three stages: post-curing (stage one); when the crosslinked network began to break (stage two), and when the crosslinked network was destroyed (stage three). Changes in the microstructure and macroscopic properties were consistent. This work is of great significance for exploring the aging mechanism of GAP propellants and extending their storage life.

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“…To mitigate these oxidations and extend the shelf life of HTPB, antioxidants (AOs) are incorporated into the polymer as soluble additives. [10] AO possess the ability to scavenge free radicals before their rapid proliferation, they convert peroxides and hydroperoxides into alcohols and stabilize the polymer binder againt these oxidative reactions. [11] The most common AO, 2,2-methylenebis-(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) (AO2246), is highly effective and thus extensively used for HTPB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NMR Analysis of Thermally‐Oxidized Hydroxyl‐Terminated Polybutadiene (HTPB)

Irfan,

Kai Pu,

Gang Xiao

et al. 2024

ChemistrySelect

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Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was employed to monitor the change in chemical structures, olefin units (cis, trans and vinyl) and hydroxyl value on stabilized Hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) under accelerated ageing condition. Thermal ageing of HTPB was carried out at 65 °C for 10‐weeks and periodically withdrawn sample for NMR analysis. 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy provided detailed structural information for all HTPB samples, including the quantification of olefin units and the determination of hydroxyl value. The analysis revealed a decrease in signal intensity, particularly for the olefin near or at the molecular end, suggesting that they were oxidized before those in the middle position within the chain. The quantitative assessment of olefin units indicates a slight decrease of 2 % in 1,2‐vinyl unit after 10‐weeks of ageing. The NMR spectra did not show any detectable signals corresponding to epoxides, peroxides or alcohols in any HTPB samples. However, a slight increase in the OH value was observed after 8 and 10 weeks of ageing, suggesting the possible incorporation of new hydroxyl groups due to thermal‐oxidation. The antioxidants used to stabilize HTPB exhibited limited effectiveness in preventing degradation reactions, even after 4 weeks of ageing at 65 °C.

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The role of antioxidant on propellant binder reactivity during thermal aging

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

Properties of Hydroxyl‐Terminal Polybutadiene (HTPB) and Its Use as a Liner and Binder for Composite Propellants: A Review of Recent Advances

Properties of Hydroxyl‐Terminal Polybutadiene (HTPB) and Its Use as a Liner and Binder for Composite Propellants: A Review of Recent Advances

Research on the Thermal Aging Performance of a GAP-Based Polyurethane Elastomer

NMR Analysis of Thermally‐Oxidized Hydroxyl‐Terminated Polybutadiene (HTPB)

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