O treinamento mental gera efeito positivo na ansiedade competitiva de jovens nadadores?

Abstract

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n3p353 The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of mental training on the competitive anxiety of young swimmers. The sample consisted of 35 swimmers aged 15 - 17 years (M = 15.93; SD = 0.98), randomly divided into two groups: experimental group (EG, n = 17) and control group (CG, n = 18). The study lasted eight weeks. Both groups performed the same physical/technical training planning. CG watched advertisement videos while EG performed mental training. The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2R) was administered to all athletes before the start of the season and the last week of the “taper” mesocycle. The findings revealed that the “cognitive anxiety” and “somatic anxiety” subscale scores attenuated from pre-test to post-test in EG (p = 0.01) and remained stable in CG (p = 0.15). The results showed that the “self-confidence” subscale score increased from pre-test to post-test in EG (p = 0.01) and remained stable in CG (p = 0.26). Significant difference was found in “cognitive anxiety” (p = 0.01), “somatic anxiety” (p = 0.01) and “self-confidence” (p = 0.01) subscales across EG and CG after 8 weeks. It was concluded that mental training was effective in reducing anxiety (cognitive and somatic) and increasing the self-confidence of young swimmers.

Effects of Motor Mental Imagery Training on Tennis Service Performance during the Ramadan Fasting: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

“…This is in agreement with a number of studies [49,50], which demonstrated that physical fatigue affects the creation of mental images, which could have a negative impact on the effectiveness of the motor imaging training program for swimmers. In contrast, other studies have shown beneficial effects of motor imaging training either after or during physical training sessions [12,17,27,28].…”

“…The sessions were held at intervals of 30 min between the end of the motor imaging workout and the start of the physical/technical training session. All of the motor images training sessions lasted about ten minutes and were carried out in a quiet environment (near the tennis court), where the athletes wore the clothes they usually wore to compete in tennis matches [27]. The use of videos is necessary to improve the motor images, as this facilitates the observation in the context of the sport, stimulating specific brain areas.…”

“…This study adopted a specific cognitive imagery training, in which athletes were asked to imagine themselves while performing tennis service, in agreement with a previous study [17]. The method adopted was the following: (a) the athlete was asked to imagine a first-person situation; (b) the athlete was asked to imagine the task performed at speeds close to reality, with actions interspersed by an interval of about ten seconds (c) the athlete was asked to imagine positive situations during a competition; and, finally, (d) the athlete was asked to reproduce emotions (including anxiety and mood) similar to those felt during competitions [27,28].…”

Effects of type of tapering on anaerobic capacity in young basketball players

“…Parece que a manutenção da intensidade conjugado com a redução do volume das sessões de treino durante duas a quatro semanas pode potencializar o desempenho físico de atletas (Hellard et al, 2013), explicando assim, os achados para o GL e GE. Fortes et al (2016) revelaram aumento do VO2máx em jovens atletas de futsal após três semanas de polimento do tipo linear (∆= 4%). Mujika et al (2002), por sua vez, demonstraram melhora no desempenho de nadadores australianos após três semanas de polimento do tipo linear (∆= ~2%), corroborando, em partes, os achados da presente investigação.…”

“…Fortes et al (2016) identificaram relação estatisticamente significativa entre o desempenho físico e a maturação biológica em jovens atletas de futsal do sexo masculino, corroborando os resultados do presente estudo. De fato, a maturação biológica exerce influência em alguns parâmetros de desempenho físico (Matta et al, 2014).…”