Avaliação aeróbia no futebol. DOI: 10.5007/1980-0037.2011v13n5p384

Abstract

-Physical assessments are fundamental for the control and improvement of the performance of soccer players. In this respect, field and laboratory tests are commonly used to evaluate physical fitness in this sports modality. However, it is important to choose the appropriate protocol according to the objectives of the assessment. Thus, the aim of the present study was to perform a critical-narrative review of the aerobic assessment of soccer players, including physiological indices and field and laboratory tests. With respect to the aerobic indices identified in this review, maximal oxygen uptake, anaerobic threshold, and running economy were found to contribute to the development of training programs and help monitor their effects in soccer players. However, the anaerobic threshold is the index most sensitive to the effects of training and also better discriminates performance among athletes of different competitive levels. Regarding field tests, the Carminatti test (TCar) and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 (YYIR1) test are the most suitable tests for the aerobic assessment of soccer players considering their specificity, validity and reproducibility. However, the TCar permits the direct transfer of indicators of aerobic power and capacity to the training sessions, whereas the YYIR1 mainly explores the distance covered, which partly limits this transfer. Key words: Assessment techniques; Oxygen uptake; Soccer. Resumo -

Does aerobic performance define match running performance among professional soccer players? A position-specific analysis

“…Previous studies found that VO2max is not the best discriminator of performance in predominantly aerobic events (Hoff et al, 2002;Silva et al, 2011). The reason is probably that VO2max does not permit the determination of performance in soccer due to its intermittent nature, different patterns of variable intensities that increase the request of anaerobic metabolism and different recovery periods (Silva et al, 2011). Moreover, VO2max values could be affected by other factors, such as running economy, AnT and morphological components (Metaxas, 2021;Ziogas et al, 2011).…”

“…The authors of this study believe that the relative non-applicability of VO2max should be contextualized in explaining these findings. Previous studies found that VO2max is not the best discriminator of performance in predominantly aerobic events (Hoff et al, 2002;Silva et al, 2011). The reason is probably that VO2max does not permit the determination of performance in soccer due to its intermittent nature, different patterns of variable intensities that increase the request of anaerobic metabolism and different recovery periods (Silva et al, 2011).…”

“…However, elite soccer players spend the majority of match play performing low-intensity activities (e.g., standing, walking, jogging), while high-intensity efforts (e.g., high-speed running, sprinting) constitute approximately 10% of the total distance covered (Andrzejewski et al, 2016). Therefore, the energy used by soccer players is mainly produced by aerobic metabolism (Garcia-Tabar et al, 2019;Silva et al, 2011), so it is important for players to have well-developed aerobic fitness (aerobic performance -AP) (Modric et al, 2020a). Currently, it is generally accepted that well-developed AP helps soccer players maintain repetitive high-intensity actions in a soccer match, accelerate the recovery process, and maintain their physical condition at an optimum level during the entire game and season (Slimani et al, 2019).…”

“…VO2max is defined as the highest oxygen uptake that can be achieved during dynamic exercise with large muscle groups (Wagner, 1996). Currently, professional soccer players' VO2max varies from 55 to 65 ml kg −1 min −1 (Metaxas, 2021;Silva et al, 2011). AnT is defined as the highest exercise intensity, heart rate, or oxygen uptake working dynamically with large muscle groups in which the production and clearance of lactate are approximately the same (Hoff et al, 2002).…”

“…AnT can be evaluated from blood lactate level changes (i.e., metabolic acidosis) or from non-invasive gas exchange measurements due to the nonlinear increase in carbon dioxide production and ventilation (Beaver et al, 1986;Mehmet et al, 2017;Wasserman et al, 1973). It has been reported that AnT in soccer players occurs at velocities ranging from 13.0 to 15.0 km/h (Silva et al, 2011) and at 55-75% of VO2max (Chmura et al, 2015).…”