“…The new element beyond intrametropolitan expansion consisted of the new flows observed originating from RMs, but with destinations outside of its borders (Cunha et al, 2013;Silva, Cunha e Ortega, 2017;Silva, 2018), indicating the expansion of the metropolitan area or, with a qualitatively new character, the creation of new urban contexts that, in the case of São Paulo, are being called "macro-metropoles". Similarly, changes observed in the commuting dynamics over the last decades, especially the relative and absolute increase in flow outside of RMs (Lobo and Cunha, 2019;Dota, 2019), reinforce this understanding, making evident the impossibility of use of political limits for the analysis of metropolitan processes and phenomena.…”