Interactions of Arabidopsis and <i>M. truncatula</i> with the same pathogens differ in dependence on ethylene and ethylene response factors

Anderson, Jonathan P.; Singh, Karam B.

doi:10.4161/psb.6.4.14897

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Anastomosis group was confirmed by ribosomal ITS sequences and host-range was confirmed by inoculation assays on wheat, lupin and Medicago truncatula [3]. R. solani does not readily produce sexual or asexual spores thus single spore isolation was not possible, therefore a single rapidly growing hyphal tip was excised from a colony growing on PDA and transferred to water agar containing 250 µg/ml cefotaxime.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Sequencing and Comparative Genomics of the Broad Host-Range Pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG8

et al. 2014

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Rhizoctonia solani is a soil-borne basidiomycete fungus with a necrotrophic lifestyle which is classified into fourteen reproductively incompatible anastomosis groups (AGs). One of these, AG8, is a devastating pathogen causing bare patch of cereals, brassicas and legumes. R. solani is a multinucleate heterokaryon containing significant heterozygosity within a single cell. This complexity posed significant challenges for the assembly of its genome. We present a high quality genome assembly of R. solani AG8 and a manually curated set of 13,964 genes supported by RNA-seq. The AG8 genome assembly used novel methods to produce a haploid representation of its heterokaryotic state. The whole-genomes of AG8, the rice pathogen AG1-IA and the potato pathogen AG3 were observed to be syntenic and co-linear. Genes and functions putatively relevant to pathogenicity were highlighted by comparing AG8 to known pathogenicity genes, orthology databases spanning 197 phytopathogenic taxa and AG1-IA. We also observed SNP-level “hypermutation” of CpG dinucleotides to TpG between AG8 nuclei, with similarities to repeat-induced point mutation (RIP). Interestingly, gene-coding regions were widely affected along with repetitive DNA, which has not been previously observed for RIP in mononuclear fungi of the Pezizomycotina. The rate of heterozygous SNP mutations within this single isolate of AG8 was observed to be higher than SNP mutation rates observed across populations of most fungal species compared. Comparative analyses were combined to predict biological processes relevant to AG8 and 308 proteins with effector-like characteristics, forming a valuable resource for further study of this pathosystem. Predicted effector-like proteins had elevated levels of non-synonymous point mutations relative to synonymous mutations (dN/dS), suggesting that they may be under diversifying selection pressures. In addition, the distant relationship to sequenced necrotrophs of the Ascomycota suggests the R. solani genome sequence may prove to be a useful resource in future comparative analysis of plant pathogens.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Sequencing and Comparative Genomics of the Broad Host-Range Pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG8

et al. 2014

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“…For example, mutation of the MYC2 (JAI1/JIN1 JASMONATE-INSENSITIVE1) and LBD20 (LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES (LOB) DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN20) transcription factors (key JA-defence and MYC2-regulated transcription factors respectively), mutation of PFT1 (PHYTOCHROME AND FLOWERING TIME1) and ESR1 (KH-domain containing RNA-binding) both interacting components of the broader RNA polymerase II complex, or over-expression of the ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTORS ERF1 and AtERF2 (transcriptional activators of JA-defences), results in increased resistance to F. oxysporum [ 17 , 20 , 21 , 29 , 30 , 83 ]. Interestingly however, overexpression of MtERF1 in M. truncatula does not confer increased resistance to F. oxysporum [ 84 ] suggesting in combination with our examination of JA-mediated gene expression, unique differences in JA-responses exist between the two model systems.…”

Section: Genetic/mutant Resources Available In M Truncamentioning

confidence: 99%

Jasmonate Signalling and Defence Responses in the Model Legume Medicago truncatula—A Focus on Responses to Fusarium Wilt Disease

Thatcher

Gao

Singh

2016

Plants

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Jasmonate (JA)-mediated defences play important roles in host responses to pathogen attack, in particular to necrotrophic fungal pathogens that kill host cells in order to extract nutrients and live off the dead plant tissue. The root-infecting fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum initiates a necrotrophic growth phase towards the later stages of its lifecycle and is responsible for devastating Fusarium wilt disease on numerous legume crops worldwide. Here we describe the use of the model legume Medicago truncatula to study legume–F. oxysporum interactions and compare and contrast this against knowledge from other model pathosystems, in particular Arabidopsis thaliana–F. oxysporum interactions. We describe publically-available genomic, transcriptomic and genetic (mutant) resources developed in M. truncatula that enable dissection of host jasmonate responses and apply aspects of these herein during the M. truncatula-–F. oxysporum interaction. Our initial results suggest not all components of JA-responses observed in M. truncatula are shared with Arabidopsis in response to F. oxysporum infection.

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“…Medicago truncatula has been used extensively to study plant–microbe interactions, not only for beneficial microbes like Rhizobia (Gough and Jacquet 2013 ) and mycorrhiza (Krajinski and Frenzel 2007 ), but also pathogens such as Aphanomyces euteiches (Hamon et al 2010 ; Hilou et al 2014 ), Phoma medicaginis (Kamphuis et al 2008 , 2012 ) and Rhizoctonia solani (Anderson et al 2010 ; Anderson and Singh 2011 ), as well as insect pests (Kamphuis et al 2013a ; Kamphuis et al 2013b ). In addition, M. truncatula has been used to study certain aspects of plant development (Verdier et al 2013 ) and responses to abiotic stress (Li et al 2011 ; Wang et al 2011 ), where plant hormones are key players and where the method described here will facilitate future studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rapid method for profiling of volatile and semi-volatile phytohormones using methyl chloroformate derivatisation and GC–MS

et al. 2015

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Phytohormones are central components of complex signalling networks in plants. The interplay between these metabolites, which include abscisic acid (ABA), auxin (IAA), ethylene, jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA), regulate plant growth and development and modulate responses to biotic and abiotic stress. Few methods of phytohormone profiling can adequately quantify a large range of plant hormones simultaneously and without the requirement for laborious or highly specialised extraction protocols. Here we describe the development and validation of a phytohormone profiling protocol, based on methyl-chloroformate derivatisation of the plant metabolites and analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS). We describe the analysis of 11 metabolites, either plant phytohormones or intermediates of phytohormone metabolism; ABA, azelaic acid, IAA, JA and SA, and the phytohormone precursors 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylic acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, 13-epi-12-oxophytodienoic acid (13-epi-OPDA), linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and validate the isolation from foliar tissue of the model legume Medicago truncatula. The preparation is insensitive to the presence of water, facilitating measurement of the volatile metabolites. Quantitation was linear over four orders of magnitude, and the limits of detection between two and 10 ng/mL for all measured metabolites using a single quadrupole GC–MS.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11306-015-0837-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Interactions of Arabidopsis and M. truncatula with the same pathogens differ in dependence on ethylene and ethylene response factors

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

Genome Sequencing and Comparative Genomics of the Broad Host-Range Pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG8

Genome Sequencing and Comparative Genomics of the Broad Host-Range Pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG8

Jasmonate Signalling and Defence Responses in the Model Legume Medicago truncatula—A Focus on Responses to Fusarium Wilt Disease

A rapid method for profiling of volatile and semi-volatile phytohormones using methyl chloroformate derivatisation and GC–MS

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