Occurrence of Gingivitis and Oral Hygiene in Individuals with Down Syndrome

Amira, Sabrina; Fauziah, Eva; Suharsini, Margaretha

doi:10.4034/pboci.2019.191.145

Cited by 8 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Amira et al . [ 22 ] in 2019 in their cross-sectional analysis of 174 subjects suffering from Down syndrome aged above 14 years reported that only 8.6% of the studied sample suffered from a severe type of gingivitis, whereas 47.2%, 40.8%, and 3.4% of the studied sample suffered from mild, moderate, and no clinical gingivitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Down's syndrome on oral health status in patients: A prevalence-based study

Gupta¹,

Goud

Gulati³

et al. 2021

J Family Med Prim Care

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Background: Down syndrome which is also known as “trisomy 21” is the commonest chromosomal defect that has been associated with intellectual disability or impairment. Clinically, it has been characterized by the generalized presence of hypotonic musculature, variety of neurobiological alterations, numerous respiratory diseases, and significantly higher risk of developing infection along with various dental abnormalities and oro-facial dysmorphological changes. Periodontal diseases are the most prominent oral health issue among individuals diagnosed with Down Syndrome. Aim: The objective of the present prevalence analysis was to study the implications of Down’s syndrome on oral health status among patients. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional prevalence analysis conducted within a duration of 1 year. A total of 100 children diagnosed with Down syndrome (aged between 5 and 16 years) were selected as the study sample. Inclusion criteria were (a) cytogenetic positive trisomy 21, (b) cooperative behavior, and (c) written informed consent obtained from the legal care-takers. Exclusion criteria were (a) any debilitating form of systemic diseases, (b) any other disability, and (c) extremely uncooperative children. The gingival health status was assessed using gingival index (GI) [Loe and Silness], calculus index (CI) [Ramfjord], and plaque index (PI) [Silness and Loe]. Information involving the practice of oral hygiene maintenance, diet plans, and parental educational status was derived from each parent. Based upon their intelligence quotient (I. Q.) values, the subjects were classified into three groups: a) mild (I. Q. level = 50 to 70), b) moderate (I. Q. level = 35 to 50), and c) severe (I. Q. level ≤35). Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical software tool Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Qualitative data were recorded as frequencies, and percentages and quantitative data were recorded as mean and standard deviation values. All categorical outcomes were analyzed by means of the Chi-square test. The quantitative outcomes of Calculus Index, Gingival Index, and Plaque Index were analyzed by either student’s t -test or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Significance was set at a cut-off value of P < 0.05. Results: Down syndromic children between 12 and 16 years were reported to have statistically significant higher Calculus Index, Gingival Index, and Plaque Index values in comparison with younger age syndromic children ( P < 0.01). Those with severe mental retardation had significantly higher Plaque Index ( P < 0.001) and Gingival Index ( P < 0.04) values when compared with those with mild and moderate mental retardation. No significant difference in comparing Calculus Index was noted. Conclus...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Down's syndrome on oral health status in patients: A prevalence-based study

Gupta¹,

Goud

Gulati³

et al. 2021

J Family Med Prim Care

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In a study in Jakarta, Indonesia, in 174 children with DS aged less than 14 years, 3.4% of them did not have gingivitis, 47.2% had mild gingivitis, 40.8% had moderate gingivitis, and 8.6% had severe gingivitis. 6 Furthermore in all sextants of the mouth, children with DS had significantly higher rates of gingivitis (46.9%) than controls (34%). 8 Gingivitis can manifest differently in DS children than in healthy children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…5 The condition of the oral cavity coupled with motor and cognitive developmental barriers in children with DS makes it difficult for them to maintain oral hygiene which has an impact on increasing prevalence of periodontal disease. 2,6 Gingivitis is defined as inflammation of the gingival tissues caused by accumulation of dental plaque and is characterized clinically by redness, swelling, and bleeding of the tissues. As the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone are not involved in this event, the attachment of the teeth is not affected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gingivitis in Children with Down Syndrome: Review of Local and Systemic Factors

2022

Acta Med Philipp

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Background. When compared to healthy children, children with Down Syndrome (DS) have a higher prevalence of gingivitis (46.7%). Individuals with DS have anatomical abnormalities, and mental and orofacial problems. They also have a weakened immune system, resulting in a decrease in the number of T lymphocyte cells, making children with DS more susceptible to infection. This includes an increased prevalence of periodontal diseases, one of which is gingivitis. This systematic review discusses the existing local and systemic factors that may become the etiology of gingivitis in children with DS.Objective. To describe various local and systemic factors as the cause of gingivitis and to find out the main etiological factors of gingivitis in children with DS Methods. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for Indonesian and English references either in the form of textbook, research results, reviews, and internet articles on the topic. We screened and selected the relevant articles for inclusion into the review. Results.In children with DS, apart from poor oral hygiene, the increasing incidence of gingivitis is caused by changes in other local factors related to systemic factors, such as oral dysfunction, dental and gingival abnormalities, changes in the oral microbial profile, and salivary characteristics. Furthermore, systemic immunodeficiency, changes in inflammatory mediators and proteolytic enzymes, and intellectual subnormality are considered as systemic factors. Conclusion.There is no main etiological factor of gingivitis in children with DS since various local and systemic factors are interrelated with each other causing gingivitis. The severity of gingivitis in children with DS presumably were caused by the systemic factors. Furthermore, good oral hygiene habits and the dentist's intervention in periodontal health can significantly reduce gingivitis in DS patients.

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“…The OHIS value follows the criteria of 0 -1.2 good, 1.3 -3.0 fair and 3.1 -6.0 poor. 21 Quantitative data were analysed first using a paired ttest. Paired t-test tested the difference in knowledge scores and OHIS status before and after the intervention (DHE).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental Health Education Influence on Knowledge and Dental Oral Health Status in Elementary Graders

Reca¹,

Rosmawati²,

Nuratni³

2022

Dentino

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Background: Children at age 10 – 12 is in a period of attention for their dental health. The simplest possible technique for the model to teach tooth brushing is indispensable. Purpose: This study’s purpose is to analyse Dental Health Education influence on the knowledge and Oral Health Index Simplified (OHIS) status of children in elementary school. Method: This study utilized quasi-experimental research. The purposive sampling was used to determine students as much as 60 became the subject of this research and divided every 30 students into an intervention group from SDN 33 and a control group (SDN 3) in the Banda Aceh city. Paired sample and independent t-test were used to analyse the quantitative data results. Results: The result of the mean value of knowledge and dental and oral hygiene status (OHIS status) of students in the pre-test in the intervention group and the control group shows p more than 0. 05. But there is a change in the mean value of knowledge and OHIS status after dental health education (DHE) was carried out in the intervention group (SDN 33) which is statistically significant (p<0.05). Meanwhile, in the control group, the p-value for OHIS status is p>0.05. There are also differences in knowledge and OHIS status of the intervention group compared to the control group, shown by a p-value of less than 0.05. Conclusion: Better change in knowledge and OHIS status prevailed after performing DHE for the elementary grades. Keywords: Dental Health Education (DHE), Elementary, Knowledge, OHIS

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Occurrence of Gingivitis and Oral Hygiene in Individuals with Down Syndrome

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Implications of Down's syndrome on oral health status in patients: A prevalence-based study

Implications of Down's syndrome on oral health status in patients: A prevalence-based study

Gingivitis in Children with Down Syndrome: Review of Local and Systemic Factors

Dental Health Education Influence on Knowledge and Dental Oral Health Status in Elementary Graders

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