Maturação biológica e comportamento sedentário em crianças e adolescentes: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

RESUMOEste estudo tem como objetivo analisar a associação entre maturação biológica e comportamento sedentário em crianças e adolescentes. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática em maio de 2015 nos bancos de periódicos eletrônicos da PubMed/MEDLINE, SportDiscus, Web of Science e LILACS, sem restrição de período de tempo. Foram identificados 294 artigos potencialmente relevantes e sete preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Foi possível identificar uma associação direta entre comportamento sedentário e tempo da maturação biológica. O comportamento sedentário parece aumentar com o avançar da idade cronológica e biológica em ambos os sexos. No que se refere a relação entre comportamento sedentário e timing da maturação biológica, os escolares de ambos os sexos maturados precocemente apresentaram maior comportamento sedentário. No entanto, em alguns estudos esta relação varia entre os sexos. A maturação biológica parece contribuir para o aumento do comportamento sedentário em crianças e adolescentes. Palavras-chave: Puberdade. Estilo de vida sedentário. Estudantes. ABSTRACTThis study aims to analyze the association between biological maturation and sedentary behavior in children and adolescents. We performed a systematic review in May, 2015 in the electronic journal databases of PubMed/MEDLINE, SportDiscus, Web of Science and LILACS, with no restriction of time. Two hundred and ninety-four potentially relevant articles were identified and seven met the inclusion criteria. It was possible to identify a direct association between sedentary behavior and time of biological maturation. Sedentary behavior appears to increase with the advancing of the chronological and biological age, of both genders. Regarding to the relationship between sedentary behavior and timing of biological maturation, the students of both sexes early matured had higher sedentary behavior. However, in some studies, this ratio varies between genders. The biological maturation appears to contribute to the increase in sedentary behavior in children and adolescents.

Sports Participation Associated With Health Risk Behaviors in Adolescent Athletes

“…However, the results of this study show that with advancing age and increasing weekly training volume, the long video game playing time of these athletes tends to decrease. In a systematic review, Bacil et al 17 indicate that sedentary behavior tends to increase with advancing chronological age in adolescents, which contradicts our findings, where advancing age tends to reduce the duration of sedentary behavior. This difference may be due to the fact that our sample consisted of athletes, which makes them more committed to sport, reducing the time they are involved in these activities.…”

Correlates of Physical Activity in Adolescents of Public Schools in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

“…They also report more negative experiences in PA, for example, injuries and lack of ability due to little experience in different types of PA; they are given greater restrictions and limits to leave home and meet friends; as well as, in this phase, the increase in the obligations of daily tasks, work at home and/ or the transition from school to work can favor the performance of more sedentary activities. 27 Conversely, the physical changes that occur in boys, such as gain in height, body mass, a higher proportion of lean mass and broadening of the shoulders, are beneficial for participation in PA, as these result in a physical contribution more suitable for success in many forms of PA, particularly those that emphasize speed, power and strength. 26 School adolescents who had greater social support from parents and friends were more likely to be active.…”

Comparison of lumbar force between pubertal and post-pubertal adolescents: interference of physical growth, body fat and lifestyle.

“…The literature reports that excess weight and body fat are directly associated with lower strength levels 8,29 . In addition, during adolescence, boys are more likely to engage in regular physical activity, and stimuli at muscle level resulting from the practice of physical activity lead to increased muscle strength levels, regardless of the natural changes that occur in body composition during adolescence 11,12,29,30 . Girls in the pubertal maturational stage presented higher values in the lumbar force test compared to girls in the postpubertal maturational stage, regardless of whether or not analyses were controlled by age, body mass, height, BMI, body fat, screen time and physical activity.…”

“…A possible justification for this fact would be related to decreased somatic growth and increased production of the estrogen hormone concomitant with the increased age of girls 27 , both of which increase body fat and decrease muscle strength levels 13,29 . In addition, sedentary behavior and physical inactivity are more prevalent in older girls than in boys, and such behaviors are directly associated with lower strength levels 11,12 . Thus, regardless of variables analyzed, pubertal girls tend to perform better in lumbar force tests compared to post-pubertal girls.…”

“…The justification for this interrelationship would be the reduction of growth rate and muscle development as a result of the interaction of adipose tissue with sex hormones (testosterone and estrogen) 10 , resulting in decreased muscle mass and strength 6,8 . In addition to the relationship between strength levels and biological variables, it has been well established in literature that the practice of physical activity and sedentary behavior influences on muscle strength 11,12 . Physical inactivity leads to less demand for stimuli to the skeletal muscles, which implies less development of muscle mass and strength 2,13 .…”