OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between physical activity (PA) and biological maturation in children and adolescents. DATA SOURCE: We performed a systematic review in April 2013 in the electronic databases of PubMed/MEDLINE, SportDiscus, Web of Science and LILACS without time restrictions. A total of 628 potentially relevant articles were identified and 10 met the inclusion criteria for this review: cross-sectional or longitudinal studies, published in Portuguese, English or Spanish, with schoolchildren aged 9-15 years old of both genders. DATA SYNTHESIS: Despite the heterogeneity of the studies, there was an inverse association between PA and biological maturation. PA decreases with increased biological and chronological age in both genders. Boys tend to be more physically active than girls; however, when controlling for biological age, the gender differences disappear. The association between PA and timing of maturation varies between the genders. Variation in the timing of biological maturation affects the tracking of PA in early adolescent girls. This review suggests that mediators (BMI, depression, low self-esteem, and concerns about body weight) can explain the association between PA and biological maturation. CONCLUSIONS: There is an association between PA and biological maturation. PA decreases with increasing biological age with no differences between genders. As for the timing of biological maturation, this association varies between genders.

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Objetivou-se verificar a prevalência e os fatores associados à pressão arterial (PA) elevada em adolescentes de um município Brasileiro. Estudo transversal, conduzido em 653 adolescentes (57,9% do sexo feminino) de 14 a 19 anos de idade, estudantes do ensino médio. A Pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e a diastólica (PAD) foram mensuradas em todos os sujeitos. Variáveis sociodemográficas, do estilo de vida e índice de massa corporal foram obtidas. Regressão logística binária, bruta e ajustada, foi empregada com nível de significância de 5%. A média da PAS e PAD foi de 111,9 mmHg e 69,9 mmHg, respectivamente. A prevalência de PA elevada foi de 12,4%. Na análise multivariável foi identificado que jovens do sexo masculino (OR: 2,37; IC95%: 1,45-3,90), com escolaridade materna de até oito anos (OR: 1,84; IC95%: 1,03-3,30) e com excesso de peso (OR: 3,79; IC95%: 2,23-6,43), apresentaram maiores chances de PA elevada. O termo de interação entre sexo masculino e excesso de peso representou o subgrupo com maiores chances de PA elevada (OR: 6,41; IC95%: 3,00-13,16). Níveis pressóricos elevados acometem adolescentes da cidade de Ponta Grossa, Paraná, e os grupos com maiores chances de PA elevada foram os do sexo masculino, com escolaridade materna baixa e com excesso de peso.

Objective:To identify sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with abdominal obesity (AO) and high body fat percentage (high BF%) in adolescents from the city of Curitiba-PR. Methods:The sample consisted of 1,732 adolescents, aged 11 to 19 years, of both genders. The triceps and calf skinfolds were measured for the calculation of BF%, as well as the waist circumference. A questionnaire was completed by adolescents with the following type of residence, socioeconomic status, time spent watching TV on weekdays and weekends, and daily energy expenditure. Logistic regression was used to measure the association of sociodemographic and behavioral variables with abdominal obesity and high BF%. Results:Female were more likely to have high BF% (OR: 2.73; 95% CI: 2.32-3.33), but were less likely to have abdominal obesity (OR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.44-0.78). Older individuals (1619 have high BF% (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.02-1.83). The older age groups (13-15 years and 16-19 years) had an inverse association with abdominal obesity. Regarding daily energy expenditure, the less active individuals were more likely to present high BF% (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.07-1.71) and obesity (OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.09-1.80). Conclusions:Interventions to increase physical activity levels in young people should be designed in order to combat excess body fat should designed to combat excess adiposity.

To analyze the moderating effect of maturation on the association between social support, received from parents and friends, on physical activity level in adolescents. Cross-sectional study conducted in 2014 with a representative sample of 855 adolescents (54% girls) enrolled in public school of São José dos Pinhais, Brazil. Adolescents reported weekly attendance who received different types of social support for physical activity, which was classified into three categories (“never," "sometimes," "always"). The social support score from each source was computed and classified in tertiles ("low", "intermediate", "high"). The moderate to vigorous leisure time physical activity was evaluated with a valid questionnaire and the score was classified as ≥300 min/wk. The maturation was self-assessed by pubic hairiness by photos and classified as "pubescent" and "post-pubescent". The associations were tested with Poisson regression in STATA 14. The fact that parents "sometimes" (PR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.42-4.44) or "always" (PR: 4.60; 95% CI: 2.10-10.10) to attend the activities was positively associated with the physical activity of pubertal adolescents. While positive reinforcement for the activities ("always" commenting) was positively associated with the outcome in post-pubertal adolescents (PR: 2.60; 95% CI: 1.01-6.71). The fact that friends "always" watch activities (PR: 2.39; 95% CI: 1.01-5.76), the score "intermediate" (PR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.28-3.58) and "high" (RP: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.11-3.28) were positively associated with the physical activity of pubertal adolescents. Maturation shows a moderating effect in the association between the social support and physical activity.

RESUMOO sono adequado é um importante modulador de saúde, especialmente durante a infância e a adolescência. O objetivo do estudo foi revisar sistematicamente a literatura sobre a associação entre os hábitos de sono e a prática habitual de atividade física (PHAF) em escolares de 9 a 19 anos. Foi elaborada uma revisão sistemática da literatura em inglês e português referente ao período de 01/01/2000 à 30/06/2014 nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, SportDiscus, Web of Science, LILACS/português, LILACS/inglês e Scielo, utilizando-se dos descritores "sono", "atividade motora", "atividade física" e "estudantes". Foram encontrados 1793 artigos sendo que 8 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Como resultados verificou-se que 62,5% dos estudos selecionados apontaram associação positiva da PHAF com dormir >8 horas/dia. Nos demais estudos, a PHAF associou-se positivamente com o sono insuficiente e a sonolência. Conclui-se que os dados sobre a relação entre a PHAF e hábitos de sono em escolares ainda são frágeis e inconsistentes e carecem de mais estudos. ABSTRACTAdequate sleep is an important health modulator, especially during adolescence. The main purpose were to systematically review the literature about association between sleep habits and regular physical activity (RPA) in adolescents. A Systematic review of the literature in English and Portuguese was conducted from 01/01/2000 to 06/30/2014 in PubMed / MEDLINE, SportDiscus, Web of Science, LILACS / Portuguese, LILACS / English and Scielo databases using the descriptors "sleep", "motor activity", "physical activity" and "students". 1793 articles were found and 8 met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that 62.5% of the selected studies showed positive association with RPA and sleeping > 8 hours / day. In other studies, RPA was positively associated with insufficient sleep and sleepiness. As conclusions data regarding relationship between RPA and sleep habits in students are still weak and inconsistent and require further studies.

Physical activity (PA) during adolescence promotes health benefits and can be an indicator of PA in adulthood. This study aims to identify physical activity patterns in a sample of 1,129 students (58.5% of girls), aged between 14 and 18 years, from High Schools of Ponta Grossa, PR. In this study, the following data were collected: sociodemographic information, weight, height, sedentary behavior, active commuting to school, moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), and participation in physical education (PE) classes. For data analysis we used absolute and relative frequency distribution and the chi-square test for proportions. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between different contexts of PA and the independent variables. Statistical calculations were developed by the SPSS 16.0 program and a significance level of p <0.05 was adopted. The prevalence of overweight was 19.1% (CI=14.7-29.8%), higher among boys (26.3% versus 14.1%: p <0.01). Most of the students are active regarding commuting to school (58.8%), MVPA (71%) and PE classes (85.5%), and present sedentary behavior that lasts between 1 and 4 hours (55.2%) per day. There was an association between participating in PE classes and active commuting to school (p <0.05). Girls and adolescents aged 17-18 years participate less in PE classes. Teenagers who do not work are the ones who least practice MVPA. It is concluded that special attention should be given to these groups, promoting intervention programs and encouraging the practice of PA.

Resumo Verificar o impacto de fatores associados ao nível insuficiente de atividade física e elevado tempo de tela em adolescentes. Estudo transversal, representativo, com 899 alunos de ensino médio da rede pública de São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brasil. Foram mensurados o nível de atividade física e o tempo de tela e classificados respectivamente de acordo com as recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde e da American Academy of Pediatrics. Os fatores associados para o nível insuficiente de atividade física e tempo de tela foram: sexo, maturação sexual, apoio social e autoeficacia para a prática de atividade física. As associações foram testadas com a regressão de Poisson. E o impacto dos fatores associados ao nível insuficiente de atividade física e do elevado tempo de tela foram calculadas pela fração atribuível populacional (FAP) e a redução relativa do risco (RRR). Na presença combinada do nível insuficiente de atividades físicas com o elevado tempo de tela, o sexo feminino apresentou uma FAP = 13,04, o estágio pós-púbere FAP = 9,91 e o apoio social apresentou uma RRR = 31,00. Os achados sugerem sexo feminino e estar no estágio pós-púbere como fatores de risco, e apoio social como fator protetor a presença combinada do nível insuficiente de atividade física e do elevado tempo de tela.