Effect of dietary fat level and source on performance and immune system response of turkeys

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to determine effects of different levels and sources of fats in diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics and immune response of turkeys during four periods (0-21, 22 to 42, 43 to 63 and 64 to 70 days of age). A completely randomized design with five treatments, six replicates and eight B.U.T.6 turkey chickens per replicate was used. Treatments included: Control diet, diet containing 2.5% of soybean oil, diet containing 2.5% fat supplement, diet containing 5% soybean oil, diet containing 5% fat supplement. The results showed that using 5% of soybean oil increased average daily gain of turkeys (89.04 g) throughout the experimental period (0-70 days) compared with the control group (81.11 g; p < 0.05). Treatments containing 2.5 and 5% soybean oil improved feed conversion ratio compared to control group (p < 0.05). Soybean oil at the levels of 2.5 and 5% was led to higher spleen and bursa percentages compared to other treatments, respectively (p < 0.05). The level and source of dietary fat had not significant effect on antibody titer against Newcastle virus vaccine on 42 and 70 days of age (p > 0.05). It can be concluded that supplementing diet with 5% soybean oil improved the performance of turkeys.

Determination of the Efficacy of Broccoli Sprouts Seeds on Growth, Blood Parameters, and Immunological Indicators in Experimentally Immunosuppressed Male Rats

“…The immunostimulatory effect may be due to the containment of anthocyanins in broccoli, which results in the activation of anti-inflammatory factors and humoral cells by T and B cells, an increase in the number of leukocytes and an increase in phagocytosis of pathogens [23].As for the numbers of red blood cells, the results show a significant decrease in the case of treatment G2, which amounted to 6.90×106 cell/ml compared to their numbers in treatment G1, which was at 8.06x106 cell/ml. Feeding broccoli seed culture powder in treatment G3 caused an increase in the total numbers of red blood cells to be at 7.78x106 cell/ml, while treatment G4 was considered one of the best treatments in raising the total numbers of red blood cells, which reached 8.18x106 cell/ml to be significantly similar to the group G1 (negative control), as these results agreed with [24] and with the findings of [25], who showed that broccoli's content of glutathione and antioxidant vitamins increases the number of red blood cells and improve the blood paramters. It is also attributed to its content of phenolic acids, as it protects the membrane proteins of red blood cells from oxidative damage by acting as a powerful antioxidant [26].…”

Growth Performance, Antioxidant Activity, Immune Status, Meat Quality, Liver Fat Content, and Liver Histomorphology of Broiler Chickens Fed Rice Bran Oil

“…PUFA induces an immunomodulatory impact via influencing the intercellular signals which alter the leukocytes response due to antigenic stimulation [ 44 ]. The FA composition rather than the particular dietary lipids is necessary to augment the cellular and humoral immunity in broilers [ 8 , 45 ]. Linoleic acid, n-6 FA, was reported to be associated with an increase in the lymphocyte proliferation, immune organs size, and antibody titer in mice [ 46 ] and in broiler chickens [ 8 , 17 ].…”

The Effects of Different Oil Sources on Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Carcass Traits, Biochemical, Immunological, Antioxidant, and Morphometric Responses of Broiler Chicks

“…The addition of 2.5 or 5% soybean oil to the diet increases the percentage of spleen and bursa, respectively, compared to other groups (83). Taken together, the fatty acid profile rather than the specific dietary lipid is essential to optimize cellular and humoral immunity in broilers (84).…”