Indigestible cellulose and lignin in determining feces production and apparent digestibility in horses

Oliveira, Kátia de; Costa, Ciniro; Bittar, Carla Maris Machado; Santos, Vanessa Pillon dos; Oliveira, Vladimir de; Sá, Janaína Carolina de

doi:10.4025/actascianimsci.v34i3.10577

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Despite the presence of multiple CEs (Fig. 4 ), the lack of auxiliary-active enzymes (AAs) indicates a low capacity of the capybara microbiota to perform plant biomass delignification, as also observed for other monogastric herbivores 32 , 33 . As a mechanism to cope with lignin-rich diets, these animals may employ cecotrophy to enhance digestibility and nutrient uptake.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Gut microbiome of the largest living rodent harbors unprecedented enzymatic systems to degrade plant polysaccharides

et al. 2022

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The largest living rodent, capybara, can efficiently depolymerize and utilize lignocellulosic biomass through microbial symbiotic mechanisms yet elusive. Herein, we elucidate the microbial community composition, enzymatic systems and metabolic pathways involved in the conversion of dietary fibers into short-chain fatty acids, a main energy source for the host. In this microbiota, the unconventional enzymatic machinery from Fibrobacteres seems to drive cellulose degradation, whereas a diverse set of carbohydrate-active enzymes from Bacteroidetes, organized in polysaccharide utilization loci, are accounted to tackle complex hemicelluloses typically found in gramineous and aquatic plants. Exploring the genetic potential of this community, we discover a glycoside hydrolase family of β-galactosidases (named as GH173), and a carbohydrate-binding module family (named as CBM89) involved in xylan binding that establishes an unprecedented three-dimensional fold among associated modules to carbohydrate-active enzymes. Together, these results demonstrate how the capybara gut microbiota orchestrates the depolymerization and utilization of plant fibers, representing an untapped reservoir of enzymatic mechanisms to overcome the lignocellulose recalcitrance, a central challenge toward a sustainable and bio-based economy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Gut microbiome of the largest living rodent harbors unprecedented enzymatic systems to degrade plant polysaccharides

et al. 2022

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“…Digestion of a fraction of lignin by microbial activity, source of plant lignin and content of lignin in the diet might be the factors responsible for incomplete faecal recoveries (Sales 2012). Assuming the possibility of partial digestibility of lignin, Oliveira et al (2012) suggested using only the indigestible fraction of lignin as a marker in digestibility studies. Peiretti et al (2003) and Bergero et al (2005) found out that a higher level of ADL in feed rations can lead to more precise determination when studying digestibility of nutrients by using lignin as a marker in horses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of dried grape pomace supplementation on biochemical blood serum indicators and digestibility of nutrients in horses

Kolláthová¹,

Gálik²,

Halo³

et al. 2020

Czech J. Anim. Sci.

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Twelve adult Slovak warmblood sport horses were used to study the effect of dried grape pomace (DGP) on health through blood serum biochemical indicators, and on apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF). The digestibility analysis was carried out by two in vivo methods, total faeces collection (TFC) and using lignin as a marker (ADL). Animals were divided into 3 groups: control group (C, without supplementation), experimental group 1 (E1, feed rations + 200 g of DGP) and experimental group 2 (E2, feed rations + 400 g of DGP). In animals, no health problems were detected during the trial. Of the blood serum indicators, only the concentrations of potassium (increase in E2 group compared to C group) and alanine aminotransferase (decrease in E2 group in comparison with E1 and C group) were affected (P < 0.05). The ADL method resulted in underestimated digestibility coefficients due to low recovery rates of lignin (less than 90%) in C group and E1 group. According to TFC, in E1 group higher digestibility coefficients were detected for DM, OM and CP (P > 0.05) compared to C group. However, in E2 group lower digestibility of all the studied nutrients was found (P > 0.05) in comparison with C group and E1 group. These results suggest that DGP could be used in horse diets up to 200 g without negative effect on their health and for a possible digestibility improvement of some nutrients.

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“…Deer and horses eat multiple plants that grow in their environment. A part of the plants ingested as food is absorbed through the metabolism of the herbivore, and another part is excreted as droppings [15]. Additionally, intestinal bacteria may be responsible for digesting cellulose and lignin contained in plants that are di cult to digest by the herbivore itself [15,16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A part of the plants ingested as food is absorbed through the metabolism of the herbivore, and another part is excreted as droppings [15]. Additionally, intestinal bacteria may be responsible for digesting cellulose and lignin contained in plants that are di cult to digest by the herbivore itself [15,16]. In this way, horses and deer commonly feed on multiple species of herbaceous plants, and the digestion of cellulose depends in part on the intestinal ora.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nutritional metabolic process of the dung beetle Phelotrupes auratus depends on the host animal

Sakamoto

Sinzeki

Kakinuma

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: The dung beetle Phelotrupes auratus is a holometabolous insect belonging to the order Coleoptera, and it is widely distributed in Japan. The P. auratus habitat depends on host herbivore animals. P. auratus eats the dung of the host herbivores and carries it underground for its young. In this process, herbivore droppings disappear from the ground, not only keeping the ground hygienic but also maintaining good soil conditions for plant growth. In this way, a rich ecosystem is maintained. In recent years, the population of P. auratus has decreased, and the main cause has been the decrease in grazing land. It seems that Japanese dung beetles are mainly dependent on herbivores for nutrient sources. However, the physiological relationship between host herbivores and P. auratus has not been well investigated. Here, we investigated the nutritional metabolism system of P. auratus by performing whole gene expression analysis of individuals collected from two areas where the ecosystem is occupied by different specific herbivores.Results: We obtained 209,123 transcripts from P. auratus from Nara Park and Cape Toi and identified 2,592 differentially expressed genes in the fat bodies of the Nara Park and Cape Toi groups. We annotated P. auratus transcripts using Homo sapiens and Drosophila melanogaster genes as references; 36.6% of P. auratus transcripts were assigned to H. sapiens genes, and 24.7% of P. auratus transcripts were assigned to D. melanogaster genes. Therefore, we chose H. sapiens genes for P. auratus transcript annotation. Principal component analysis and gene set enrichment analysis revealed that the nutritional metabolism of P. auratus from Cape Toi might differ from that of P. auratus from Nara Park.Conclusion: We analyzed the nutritional metabolism system of P. auratus from Cape Toi and Nara Park and found that the characteristics of the nutritional metabolism process might depend on the plants consumed by the host herbivore. Our findings will contribute to elucidating the relationships among habitat plants, herbivores, and dung decomposers and may aid in the maintenance of sustainable land health cycles.

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Indigestible cellulose and lignin in determining feces production and apparent digestibility in horses

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Gut microbiome of the largest living rodent harbors unprecedented enzymatic systems to degrade plant polysaccharides

Gut microbiome of the largest living rodent harbors unprecedented enzymatic systems to degrade plant polysaccharides

The effects of dried grape pomace supplementation on biochemical blood serum indicators and digestibility of nutrients in horses

The nutritional metabolic process of the dung beetle Phelotrupes auratus depends on the host animal

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