Crescimento e produtividade da cana planta cultivada em diferentes sistemas de preparo do solo e de colheita

Abstract

RESUMO.Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes sistemas de preparo do solo e de colheita sobre o crescimento e produtividade da cana planta. O experimento foi conduzido em Linhares, Estado do Espírito Santo. Trata-se de um dos ensaios mais antigos no país que investiga os efeitos da Cana crua e queimada. Instalados num Argissolo Amarelo textura arenosa/média, os tratamentos consistiram de parcelas (preparo convencional e cultivo mínimo) e subparcelas (Cana crua e Cana queimada). Foi avaliado o crescimento da cultura, o aporte de matéria orgânica e a quantificação do rendimento da cana-de-açúcar. O diâmetro foi maior para o cultivo mínimo, e o perfilhamento foi maior para o preparo convencional. A altura e o perfilhamento foram superiores no corte sem queima. Para produtividade de colmos, os tratamentos não apresentaram diferenças significativas. As folhas foram maiores em cultivo mínimo e pontas em Cana crua. O cultivo mínimo propicia, inicialmente, aumento do diâmetro e maior produtividade de folhas na colheita. O perfilhamento é favorecido pelo preparo convencional. A Cana crua não apresentou influência negativa da palhada na rebrota. Após 16 anos de cultivo da cana-de-açúcar com e sem queima do palhiço, observou-se maior produtividade de ponteiros, incrementando o rendimento dos colmos em Cana crua.Palavras-chave: cana-de-açúcar, sistemas de preparo do solo, manejo de colheita.ABSTRACT. Sugarcane growth and productivity under different tillage and crop systems. This study had as its objective to evaluate the effects of different tillage and crop systems on the growth and productivity of sugarcane plants. The experiment was conducted in Linhares, ES. It is one of the oldest assays in the country investigating the effects of unburned and burned sugarcane. Installed in a Yellow Latosol with sandy/medium texture, the treatments consisted of plots (conventional and minimum tillage) and subplots (raw and burned sugarcane). Plant growth, contribution of organic matter and quantification of sugarcane yield were evaluated. The diameter was larger for minimum tillage, and tillering was greater for conventional tillage. The height and tillering were superior in the cut without burning. For stems productivity, the treatments did not present significant differences. The leaves were larger in minimum tillage and tips in unburned cane. The minimum tillage propitiates the increase in diameter initially and largest productivity of leaves in the crop. Tillering is favored by conventional tillage. The unburned cane did not present negative influence of straw in the regrowth. After 16 years of sugarcane cultivation with and without straw burning, it resulted in larger productivity of pointers increasing the productivity of the stems in unburned cane.Key words: sugarcane, tillage systems, crop handling. IntroduçãoO papel fundamental das operações de preparo do solo é criar condições ideais para o desenvolvimento das raízes e, por conseguinte, maiores produções. Em cana-de-açúcar, este manejo inicial pode i...

Water storage in a Plinthaqualf cultivated with sugarcane under straw levels

“…Aquino & Medina (2014) associated the increase in the LAI to the increase in soil water storage, provided by the presence of straw. Tavares et al (2010) observed a positive correlation between the LAI and stalk yield, and associated productivity gain to the reduction in soil water loss due to the straw kept on soil surface. Peres et al (2010) reported that the presence of sugarcane straw on soil surface reduced water losses to half of the one found under uncovered soil conditions.…”

“…mill (04°35'09"S, 42°51'51"W, at 52 m of altitude) in the municipality of Teresina, in the state of Piauí, Brazil, from July 2013 to July 2014. According to Thornthwaite & Mather (1957), the climate of the region is classified as C1sA'a', subhumid dry, megathermal, with moderate water excess during the summer and mean annual rainfall of 1,343 mm. The soil is classified as a Plintossolo Argilúvico (Santos et al, 2006) ; and 3.3 cmol c dm -3 H+Al.…”

Tensile strength, friability, aggregation, and soil organic matter physical fractions of an Oxisol cultivated with sugarcane

“…), and under a native forest (1) . erosive effects, as a consequence of soil tillage, and the practice of straw burning before harvesting, has a great impact on SOM (Tavares et al, 2010;Müller et al, 2012;Rossetti et al, 2014). In all evaluated systems, TOC contents were higher on the surface layer and decreased with depth (Table 2).…”

<b>TRS value of sugarcane according to bioenergy and sugar levels

“…Soil tillage for crop placement can result in higher growth rates and lead to changes in quality at harvest time (TAVARES et al, 2010). Mechanized sugarcane harvest creates straw residue, which depending on the handling system can result in lower biomass and bioenergy production (CAMPOS et al, 2010).…”