Comparison of the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet and a higher-fat DASH diet on blood pressure and lipids and lipoproteins: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Background: The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) dietary pattern, which is high in fruit, vegetables, and low-fat dairy foods, significantly lowers blood pressure as well as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Objective: The study was designed to test the effects of substituting full-fat for low-fat dairy foods in the DASH diet, with a corresponding increase in fat and a reduction in sugar intake, on blood pressure and plasma lipids and lipoproteins. Design: This was a 3-period randomized crossover trial in freeliving healthy individuals who consumed in random order a control diet, a standard DASH diet, and a higher-fat, lower-carbohydrate modification of the DASH diet (HF-DASH diet) for 3 wk each, separated by 2-wk washout periods. Laboratory measurements, which included lipoprotein particle concentrations determined by ion mobility, were made at the end of each experimental diet. Results: Thirty-six participants completed all 3 dietary periods. Blood pressure was reduced similarly with the DASH and HF-DASH diets compared with the control diet. The HF-DASH diet significantly reduced triglycerides and large and medium very-lowdensity lipoprotein (VLDL) particle concentrations and increased LDL peak particle diameter compared with the DASH diet. The DASH diet, but not the HF-DASH diet, significantly reduced LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, intermediatedensity lipoprotein and large LDL particles, and LDL peak diameter compared with the control diet. Conclusions: The HF-DASH diet lowered blood pressure to the same extent as the DASH diet but also reduced plasma triglyceride and VLDL concentrations without significantly increasing LDL cholesterol. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01404897. Am J Clin Nutr 2016;103:341-7.

Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and risk of renal function decline and all-cause mortality in renal transplant recipients

“…After adjustment for total cholesterol and LDL‐cholesterol, the association of the DASH score and all primary and secondary endpoints became stronger, again suggesting multiple mechanisms behind the beneficial effect of the DASH diet. Additionally, the DASH diet affects inflammation, since this dietary pattern reduces circulating C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentrations 47, 48. However, the DASH diet did not affect other inflammatory biomarkers, such as tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6, and adiponectin 47, 48.…”

Cardiometabolic Syndrome and Increased Risk of Heart Failure

“…The Omni Heart Study (Optimal Macronutrient Intake Trial for Heart Health) successfully combined these factors subsequent to the DASH diet (dietary approach to stop hypertension) promoting the intake of vegetable, nuts, fruit, full grain, and lean milk products, poultry and fish [73,74]. This macronutrient modification is consistent with the observed lowering of blood pressure via normalized hyperinsulinemia by GI/GL restriction [30••, 50, 62] also in the higher-fat DASH diet promoting full-fat dairy [75]. Of relevance, this nutritional modification with restricted carbohydrate intake and more protein and fat intake-referring particularly to vegetable protein and vegetable oil-is safe and lowers the risks for CAD and mortality [76].…”

Рекомендації Експертних Груп, Превентивні Комерційні Харчові Раціони З Доведеною Ефективністю Та Нутрієнти, Що Показані Пацієнтам Із гіпертонічною Хворобою Й Ожирінням Високого Кардіоваскулярного Ризику

“…Це оптимальна дієта для хворих на ГХ з АО, ЦД 2-го типу, патологією нирок, тобто для пацієн-тів із високим і дуже високим КВР. Дієта базується на оптимальній для хворого кількості порцій страв, що містять корисні нутрієнти [9,12,20,36,38].…”

“…Вітається вживання морепродуктів, хліба з крупи (містить йод, магній). Солі в раціоні повинно бути до 3-5 грамів [5,12,18,22,41].…”