Morphological and genetic diversity in Callithrix hybrids in an anthropogenic area in southeastern Brazil (Primates: Cebidae: Callitrichinae)

Cezar, Adrielle M.; Pessôa, Leila Maria; Bonvicino, Cibele Rodrigues

doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e14881

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In this research we observed that the auricular tufts of the free range marmosets do not match to the description of any species of the genus but are dark brown, dark gray or light gray with mixed strands, arranged anterior or around the ear and broken in some parts, forming a mosaic, suggesting the animals are hybrids and also they are probably outcomes of more than one generation of hybrids. This result is similar, in parts, with the research done by Cezar (2017) in natural and anthropogenic areas but different from the phenotypes found in a natural hybridization area, where the hybrids maintained tufts similar to their parental, being totally dark or totally light (Valdivino et al 2003).…”

Section: Morphologic Datasupporting

confidence: 69%

Morphological and molecular identification of Callithrix sp. hybrids

Santos

Aleixo

Rodrigues

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The Common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) and Black-tufted marmoset (Callithrix penicillata) are endemic species in the Northeast, East Central and part of the Northeast, respectively in Brazil. Currently, both species are distributed in different regions of the country, being the main cause the illegal trafficking. The introduction of exotic animals is the second biggest cause of biodiversity loss globally and can lead to hybridization. In Bauru, São Paulo (SP), there is a record of both species and animals showing intermediate patterns between them. Thus, this work aimed to identify individuals of the genus Callithrix present in The Municipal Botanical Garden of Bauru (MBGB) as either pure or hybrids, through morphological and molecular markers. Ten individuals were sampled, 4 of which were pure species for control and six free-living, which were photographed, morphometrically measured, and from which the fragments of the mitochondrial genes COI and D-loop region were amplified. As a result, all animals showed intermediate patterns between both species. After analyzing the sequences obtained for D-loop and obtaining a high haplotypic diversity (h), low nucleotide diversity (π), Tajima D and Fu’s Fs statistic, it is possible to infer that the animals in the area continue receiving gene flow and the population began from a founder effect. Morphological and molecular data indicate that the individuals sampled are hybrids. From the data generated by this research, it is possible to plan the insertion of management of these animals in the Conservation Unit (UC), to avoid population growth and its outcomes.

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Section: Morphologic Datasupporting

confidence: 69%

Morphological and molecular identification of Callithrix sp. hybrids

Santos

Aleixo

Rodrigues

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Although all the marmoset (non-human primate) samples were negative, is important to monitor these animals for Bartonella infection, given that some Callithrix species, such as C. jacchus and C. penicillata , are invasive in Rio de Janeiro, where they have been introduced from other regions of Brazil through the illegal animal trade ( Cezar et al, 2017 ). This finding, and the lack of records of Bartonella infection in other Brazilian studies of non-human primates, may be related to low bacteremia in these animals, which would hamper molecular detection ( Bonato et al, 2015 ; Breitschwerdt, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Bartonella spp. in brazilian mammals with emphasis on rodents and bats from the Atlantic Forest

Gonçalves-Oliveira

Rozental

Guterres

et al. 2020

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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The Bartonella species are zoonotic agents that infect mammals and are transmitted by arthropod vectors. Approximately 18 distinct genotypes cause diseases in humans, and may be spread by both domestic and wild animals. In Brazil, Bartonella genotypes have been identified in several species of wild mammals, and in the present study, we analyzed samples from non-human primates (marmosets), marsupials, rodents, and bats, and compared them with the genotypes described in mammals from Brazil, to examine the distribution of Bartonella genotypes in two impacted areas of Rio de Janeiro state, in southeastern Brazil. We used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods to detect the Bartonella DNA using partial sequences of the gltA, ftsZ , and groEL genes. We generated Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood trees to characterize the positive PCR samples and infer the phylogenetic relationships of the genotypes. A total of 276 animals were captured, including 110 bats, 91 rodents, 38 marsupials, and 37 marmosets. The DNA of Bartonella was amplified from tissue samples collected from 12 (4.34%) of the animals, including eight rodents – Akodon cursor (5/44) and Nectomys squamipes (3/27) – and four bats, Artibeus lituratus (3/58) and Carollia perspicillata (1/15). We identified Bartonella genotypes closely related to those described in previous studies, as well as new genotypes in both the rodent and the bat samples. Considering the high diversity of the Bartonella genotypes and hosts identified in the present study, further research is needed to better understand the relationships between the different Bartonella genotypes and their vectors and host species. The presence of Bartonella in the wild rodents and bats from the study area indicates that the local human populations may be at risk of infection by Bartonella due to the spillover of these strains from the wild environment to domestic and peri-domestic environments.

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“…Based on these patterns, the question arises if there is more selective pressure in C. jacchus x C. penicillata hybrids to minimize developmental disturbance of cranial morphology than post-cranial morphology. Retaining the exudivory specialization of their parental species likely enables C. jacchus x C. penicillata hybrids to use plant exudates as a fallback food, and contribute to these hybrids being the most common hybrid type present in anthropogenic Callithrix hybrid zones in the southeastern Brazilian Atlantic Forest [28, 27, 73, 36]. These factors may affect the ability of such hybrids to successfully exploit plant exudates as fallback foods relative to C. jacchus and C. penicillata hybrids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pelage Variation and Morphometrics of Closely RelatedCallithrixMarmoset Species and Their Hybrids

Malukiewicz

Warren

Boere

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Hybrids are expected to show greater phenotypic variation than their parental species, yet how hybrid phenotype expression varies with genetic distances in closely-related parental species remains surprisingly understudied. Here we study pelage and morphometric trait variation in anthropogenic hybrids between four species of BrazilianCallithrixmarmosets, a relatively recent primate radiation. Marmoset species are distinguishable by pelage phenotype and level of morphological specialization for eating tree exudates. Here, we (1) describe qualitative phenotypic pelage differences between parental species and hybrids; (2) test whether significant quantitative differences exist between parental and hybrid morphometric phenotypes; and (3) determine which hybrid morphometic traits show heterosis, dysgenesis, trangression, or intermediacy relative to the parental trait. For morphometric traits, we investigated both cranial and post-cranial traits, particularly as most hybrid morphological studies focus on the former instead of the latter. Finally, we estimate mitogenomic distances between marmoset species from previously published data. Results: Hybrid facial and overall body pelage variation reflected coloration and patterns seen in parental species. In morphometric traits,C. jacchusandC. penicillatawere the most similar to each other, whileC. auritawas the most distinct, andC. geoffroyitrait measures fell between these other species. Most traits inC. jacchusxC. penicillatahybrids showed either heterosis or were intermediate relative to the parental trait values. We observed heterosis and dygenesis in traits ofC. penicillataxC. geoffroyihybrids. Trangressive segregation was observed in hybrids ofC. auritaand the other species. These hybrids were alsoC. aurita-like for a number of traits. Genetic distance was closest betweenC. jacchusandC. penicillataand farthest betweenC. auritaand the other species. Conclusion: We attributed significant phenotypic differences between marmoset species to differences in morphological exudivory specialization in these species. Our results suggest that intermediate hybrid traits relative to the parental trait values are more likely in crosses between species with relatively lesser genetic distance. More extreme phenotypic variation is more likely in parental species with greater genetic distance, with transgressive traits appearing in hybrids of the most genetically distant parental species. We further suggest that that less developmental disturbances can be expected in hybrids of more recently diverged parental species.

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Morphological and genetic diversity in Callithrix hybrids in an anthropogenic area in southeastern Brazil (Primates: Cebidae: Callitrichinae)

Cited by 10 publications

References 30 publications

Morphological and molecular identification of Callithrix sp. hybrids

Morphological and molecular identification of Callithrix sp. hybrids

Investigation of Bartonella spp. in brazilian mammals with emphasis on rodents and bats from the Atlantic Forest

Pelage Variation and Morphometrics of Closely RelatedCallithrixMarmoset Species and Their Hybrids

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